there the females give birth to a generation of wingless sexual females (B), which, when mature, mate with the males and produce the winter eggs.
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Fig. 100. The winged male(A) and the wingless sexual female (B) of the rosy apple aphis
The third of the aphid species that infest the spring
buds of the apple is known as the apple-grain aphis, so called because, being a migratory species like the rosy aphis, it spends the summer upon the leaves of grains
and grasses. The eggs of the apple-grain aphis are usually
the first to hatch in the spring, and the young aphids of
this species (Fig. 95 A) are distinguished by their very
dark green color, which gives them a blackish appear-
ance when massed upon the buds. Later they spread
to the older leaves and to the petals of the apple blossoms,
but on the whole their damage to the apple trees is less
than that of either of the other two species. The summer
history of the apple-grain aphids is similar to that of the
rosy aphis, excepting that they make their summer home
on grains and grasses instead of on plantains. In the
fall, the winged female migrants (Plate 4) come back to
the apple and there give birth to wingless sexual females,
which are later sought out by the winged males.
It would be impossible here even to enumerate the
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