-
Abraham, Tower of
THE .JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA
97 f:itlicr
of Mdrdcciii
"Tur
Jaffi'.
Hayvim"
Abraham wroto Jacob
frlosses
Asber, some of which were iiulihshcd at Aujrstiuifr in the year 1.j4((. They arc diaractcrizcd liy clearness and vigor, and arc mainly restricted to simple verbal explanations, in opposition to the more elaborate .sysl<in of the /ii/jiii/. which was then comiiifr into use in llic schools of I'oland and Germany Abraham was trained in secidar learnini;, and Icficnd " aserilies to him a knowledire (if the "seven sciences It is proliable that Mordecai .lall'e's predilection, both for secular scholarship and for literal explanation (fifuhiit). then very rare, was due to the iiiHiiencc of Abraham l>en Abigdor, whose pupil, Abruham JafTe. Kii
tlic
Oral.i
of
I{.
])
was
.Mordccai's father and teacher. Acci>rdinf; to David (Jans, Abraham also wrote a
supcrconimentary on Hashi This is probably no lonjier extant: but a nilihnh (penitential prayer), which he wrote on the threatened exjiulsion of the ,Iews from IJohcmiu in 1.542. still forms part of the I'olish lituriiy. and is found in some of tlic prayerliooks of Germany. It is recited on Vom Kipimr Kataii
Zemah Dnvirl. p. .t8. Warsaw edillcin. .Imnimd ha'-'Almtlah. p.2: Michael. Or (m-
Itiiii.iu(iR,PMV : I), fiiins, 1M«I: Lanilshulti,
Zunz, Litcralurgcsch. on Attnihum's tombstone Is ptven in
tjiillllii". N(i.:CJ: tl(»n
The
p. 'JM. -i;*
"^j.
No.
Inscrip-
1-1. F,
G
ABRAHAM BEN ABIGDOR ^ARA.
KMi. .e.1iMM ABRAHAM ABOAB. See under Abo.» ABRAHAM, ABRAHAM: comnuiiial
Sec
.i;i(:uoit.
r.i
wmker;
died .Manli
English author and
lS(i;i. at IJverpool. lie icsided at J^iverpool lor forty years, dui'ing thirty of which he took a leading part in the .Jewish alfaii's of that city; holding various hononiry odiccs in the synagogui'.thc pi-esideiicy of lln- Philanlhropic Institution, as well as of the Jewish school. Though activelv engaged in commerce, he found leisure for scicntihc and literary studies. Abndiam is chictly noteworthy for his efforts to
- !I.
waiil the introduction of regular vernacular sermons the synagogue .services of England. Through his exertions pulpit instruction was established in 1S27 at Liverpool, whence it extended to the |)rovincial synagipgnes Al a later date it was adopted in London. In IS'JTa pulpit wasei-<'cted in the synagogue at Liverpool. The innovation was hailed with derision, and not until Prof. I). M. Isjiacs was formally installed iu otlice was pulpit instruction in
succi-ssful
Abiaham was the author of several publications designed lo benelit the young lie translated, fidui the Krench. (alien's " Catechisme " and IScii Levi s " Matinees (111 Sained "; the latter is known under the title of ".Moral and Heligious Talcs for the Young of the Hebrew Faith." i
BiBI.KKMiAl'ilv :./.»'. nir.iH. April. IfWt.
ABRAHAM mcdalisi anil at
Berlin,
(ABRAM), JACOB:
lii|iiilai
June
17.
q
t
(ierman
binii at Sli'elil/. in lT'2:t, died
ISIHI.
He
learned the art of
engraving from a workman in the Polish town of Lissa. For nearly half a century lie worked in the royal mints of Stettin (l7.V.i|. Ki'inigsberg (17."i7). and Itcrlin He began his career as a heraldic engraver, and although he could neither design nor model, he brought his art to a surprising state of perfection The more iiolewortliy of his medals are those that cominemonilc the victories of Frederick the Great diirini: the Seven Years' War, such as the one (ommeniomiing the victory at Torgau, in 17()<l, cut from Hamlcr's model and Meil s design In addition may be mentioned the medal contaiuiug the clligy
I.-7
Abraham Alashkar
of Prince Potemkin and the fortress of Otchakov " Ot.schakovia Exjiugnata "; and that struck in commemoration of the .liibilee festival of the French community in Berlin. June 10. 1772. from the design of I). C'hodowiecki. Another of his successful medals was one representing Sigmund van der Heyde, the defender of Kolbcrg. 17(50. Jacob Abraham was reputed the foremost medalist of his time in Germany, and his three sons, of whom Abraham and Jacob are known, inherited his talent (see Aiiit.ii.v.MS().N, Abraiia.m). The similarity of the names has led to the confusion of father and son }>y historians.
BiBI.iocRAPiiv -'.
FussM. KIluMterlfrikrin. 2(1 t.dltlon, part II. Erkiani)i(icn iter AlikllitaiiJulius Meyer, AUu- KUin-IUr-
Zlirlch, ls(16; Sehllclieysen.
niif Mliiizeii. lH.j;. p. 144 hxikuii. 1. SJ, Lelpsic, 1872. II' II
H.
R
ABRAHAM ABUSH BEN LEVI HIRSCH KATZENELLENBOGEN. See Kat/.k.mi.i.k.nBOGE.N. AliKAlIA.M Al!i:SH liEN
LeVI HlKSCIl.
ABRAHAM, ADOLPHE born
- ii
'riiiniiville.
Frame,
French
.M.-iicli
21. 1HI4,
colonel;
When
he enlisted as a volunteer, and was as.sigiied to the .")2d Regiment of the line, which starlcij immediately afterward for the siege of Antwerp, He is one of the last survivors of that siege. From the ranks he advanced step by step to the grade of lieutenant, which he attained on April 27. lS4(i. After the Paris rising of June. 1S48, he received the Cross of the Legion of Honor as a reward for organizing and conducting to the front the 2d battalion of the Xational Guard of the Seine, which captured the Pantlu'on from the mob. Promoted captain in IN.il, he fought through the Crimean war, and took partin the assiiult on Scbastopol. During the war against Austria in Italy in IS.iO lie was present at the battle of ^Magenta. June 4. and at the capture of the railway station there, where he was wounded at the side of General Lespinasse. eiglileeii
He was appointed major (commandant) rino on the very
morning of the
at Solfebattle (June 24).
He stormed and captured Casa Nuova and
four guns.
was mentioned in the "orders of the day" of the H.")tli Hc.irimcnt After having pas.sed three years with the army of occupation in Home, AbraFor
this he
ham
asked, in isiid. to be retired on account of ill health Hut a life of inactivity weighed upon him. .so in istis he was entrusted with the reorganization of the (Jarde .Mobile, in the deiiartment of the Seine. Recalled to active service in 1S7I). he was ]iromoled lieutenant colonel of the ."list Infantry, which at that time formed a jiart of the army of Paris, and fought in two battles at Chaiupigny, Nov. HO and Dec. 2 In the days of the Comnuine. Abmliam rendered ellicicnt .service lo the national government. At the re(|ucst of General Berteaux. in lS7."i. Colonel Abraham assumed the command of the I'.llh Infantry (reserve), which he retained till 1S7!I. when, atlaining the age limit, he was permanently retired Colonel Abraham, who received the military medal of Sardinia and the cro.ss of the Order of Pius IX.. was From created ollicerof the Legion of Honor in l.'<t>4 Queen Victoria he received the Crimean medal, Abraham remained steadfast to the Jewish faith, and waselected president of the congregation of Versailles. He discharged the functions of tbisonicc till IHftl, when he withdrew to Granville, J. 15.
ABRAHAM IBN AKRA BEN SOLOMON. Sni hmus Al, u Ml M ABRAHAM ALASHKAR. See Alasiik.mi.
See
.
ui!
AllKAIIAM
r.i
s
.
