—
.
.
Dmax
"INI (Wiirsaw, 1HS7), "Sa'arat Eliyaliu." miles and biogra])hical iluta abcmt liis father (Jenisuli-m, 1KH9), anil "Targvuii Abraham," notes on Targinn Onkclos (.lerusali'ni. 1896), have been published. The last-mentioned were edited by excj^i-lical
his great-grandson Klijah,
Abraham
of Wilna
whoealls liimself Landau.
was very mueli
interested in Talmiidie ]iliilology aii<l archeology; but while very industrious and well versed in ral)binieal literature, he betrays a lack of secular knowledge. Abraham Wilna. like his father, never ofliciatod as rabbi, but was a highly respected nienilier of the Jewish coninuinity of Vilna. in which he held vari-
ous
Abraham ben Elijah Abraham ben ^ayyim
THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA
107
it was he who drew Zebi Ashkenazi's attention to an expression iiiasernion of David Nieto's on Prov-
idence
savored of heresy. In this case carry his point and he was eiiually unsuccessful in trying to induce Ashkenazi to coiilirm a decree of e.xcommimicatiou against Mordecai Hamburger, who thereupon seceded and founded the IlA.MiiHo' Sv.N'Aooori:. Later in life Abraham became involved in dilliciillics, owing to a lawsuit with bis brother in law at Hamburg and to the conduct of Ids sou, who dissipated at Paris the fortune Abraham had made at his trade as jeweler. (nt).")) which
Abraham
to
failed
Kaufmunn. In Tnin.iacliimn of the Jewixh llM-119; Sclnult. Jlld. Mfrkwllrilian^ferenoes In t'rl l*lKi'bus. Urim ire-Txiand Jotianan Holleschuirs answer. Ma'aseh Iiat 17117: also in Jai-eb Kiiiclen, Mei/ilhit Si fir. e<l. D. Kohn, pp. 77 ct .s(?(/., Wai-saw, 1m;i7.
BiRi.iOGRAPiiY
D.
lIMnncta
BlBi.ifXiRAI'iIV: Fnenn. Kirj/fih Xi't'mtnuih, pp. 307 ct urn., Wllllii, 1«»): IdiMii, Kriirxet Yixriicl. p. 21, Warsaw, IHW);
Chouea' intro(Un-tl(in to liah It'alim, Warsaw, 1S94.
Stir.
A'ri7fH, iv. »KiHi, 1707,
offices.
1-;J.");
111.
1).
^MILE
ABRAHATVr,
French i)laywright; He devoted himself entirely to born at Paris, ISi:?. the drama, as playwright, as theatrical critic, and as editor of "L'Entr iicte," the theatrical column of the "Petit tlournal." Later he became general secretary of the Porte St. Martin and the Gymnase theaters. He is the author of a number of comedies and vaudevilles, among which may be mentioned: " Lc Lorgnon de I'.Xmour" "C'hapitre V." (l^lfilS)
(180;i) " Les Parents d(^ Province " (ISf),")). with Jules Prevel; " L'Amour d'une Ingenue " (IWifl); "L'Avenue des Soupirs" (IHtiC) "Nicaisc" (1H67) "Les Petits Creves" (18fiH), with A. Flan and J. Prevel: "La Clef Perdue" (1876); "La Clmrite Chretienue "
(188!))
Abraham also wrote a number of librettos for among which are: " L'lloimiie entre Deu. Ages" (18«'.2) "I'll Drame en I'.Vir" (180.^)). with operettas,
and ('artier; " Le Train des Maris" "Les Cro(|Ueu.ses de Pomnies " (1869). with Eugt^ne Grange; " LaCrucheCas.see " (1870), with H. I-ucas; "Les Flaneurs de Paris "(1876), withEugJne Adrien (18(iS)
JIar.
(imng6.
Under the pseudonym "Adrien Laroque," Abra-
ham
|iublished
"Acteurs
a
theatrical I)iographical de Paris."
annual,
et Aetrices
BlBLiOfaiAPMY
Va^reau, Diet (onnalrc Unlversfl des
Cttn-
Umjiiintiiijt^ «,v.
J.
8
ABRAHAM BEN EPHRAIM NIEDERLANDER SOPHER OF PRAGUE. See NiKlii.ici.AMJii:. .i;u.u.M I'UAc^i
i;i..
I^ciikmm, Soi-iiicu ok
i;.
ABRAHAM BEN EPHRAIM BEN SANSil SWlUil .l'.l;MM F.E'IIU.MM nK.N ABRAHAM IBN EZRA. In.v Ezii.v. ABRAHAM GALANTE. See Galaste, MiiKDI AlUIMI AM ABRAHAM GASCON. See Gascon, AbkaCHO.
I'.IN
.Sc.'
CI S
(
l
nwi. I
six biindn'd and thirteen published as an appendix to the "lirst" rabbinic Bible (by Daniel Boniberg. Venice, liiblical precepts,
1517) under the
also
Warden ami
ducing the
»/i<;m((A (sexton) of the only .Vshki'iia/.ic .synagogue at that lime siirreplitiouslv lo mulilale till' ('il/it, or prayer scarf, of the nibbi .Iiidah Loeb ben F.pliniim . schel in wliiih condilion he iinforced . .schel lo go, and invitlini;ly used it r
—
i'ri Pho'bus in Ids place (17(15). Abraham interfered not only in Ihi' alTairs of the Aslikeiuk/ic. but alscv in those of the .Sephardic eimimunity for
stalli'd
"Commands
- ind Prohibitions,
This work, originally written in Arabic, contained at first only a list of the Biblical precejits, arranged in the order of the weekly lessons, where they are recorded, ami annotated with the corresponding references to Maimonides' "Yail ha H"zakah." Later, however, it was consiiicrably enlarged by its Hebr<'W translator. Judah ben Shoshan or Shushan. who is otherwise unknown; he added to it corresponding pas.sages from the Talmud and Sifre. Througii this enlargement its original purpose of serving as a short educational guide was lost. The Hebrew text was imblished only once, but a Latin tran.slaljon of it. made by the converted Polish Jew, Philip Ferdinand, was |uinted at Canterbury in 1597. and afterward reprinted by J. von Lenz in his "Theologia Jiidaica," in 1694. Ferdinand gives the name of the author as Aliraham ben Kattani and the title of the book as "Kol Adonai." Upon what grounds he does so is not clear, since he himself refers to the Boniberg Bible as his source. In some manuscrijits of Abraham's W(irk he is more fully described as one coming from "Arnut in the land of Lanardii." which does not atl'ord much help. Vet we may safely assunn' that the author came from a country where Arabic was generally spoken among the Jews; for only this language can be implied when Judah ben Shoshan describes himself as the translator of the work. This assumption tinds strong support in the Arabic names Hassan and Shoshan,
and renders impiobabli' Neiibain-r's as,serlion that the work of Hassan is iilentieal with the well-known law digest, "Sefer ha H'"""'^- written originally "
in
the rabbinic Ilibrew idiom.
Steliisilinclilpr, I'lil. niull. 4230. .WW; NeuBini.iooRAPiiv tiaiier. In Mnnalxirhrifl. 1S77, .xxl. ISl. IS.'; litem. Cat. B.«H.
MSS.
Ni.s.
7:),
ssr.
S-t-'-i.
JAVi.
L
Se,
liiiding spirit of llie Ashkena/.i<' coiumunity of Londiui; born at Hamburg after MmO; died at Lonilon after 1721. By in:
title,
by Kabbi Abraham Ibn Hassan ha Levi."
<;
ABRAHAM BEN ^AYTIM (called also Abra-
III
Aborle)
Author of a work on the
Ilihr.
ABRAHAM GUERDI CORDOVA. Ml INK Al'.H Ml VM ABRAHAM OF HAMBURG (called Rab
.1
ABRAHAM IBN HASSAN HA-LEVI
ham ben ^ayyiin ben Reuben and Abraham ben Hayyiin ben Abraham ben Reuben): liabbi of Narbonne. where he liveil in thi' lirst half of H<- was a brother of HeuIhe thirteenth century. ben ben H'i.y'"i. "'" P"pil of Isjiac ha Kolieii of Narbonne. am! the U'achiT nf Meiiahem MeVri. .braham left his nallvc plaie alioiil I'J-KI and si'llle<l (U' Conlluenl. ii small town in Houswhere his son, Ihe philosopher Levi ben .bndiam, aulhor of "Liwyat Hen." was boni. Tlio
at
Villefranehe
silloii.
son took an aiiivi> pari in Ihe religious discussions lliiit
liislid
from
i:t03 to IStHJ.
