Abrams, Harriet Abravauel tiire,
from
THE JEWISH ENX'YCLOPEDIA
to which be a(l(io<l inuiiy expressions bis native Litbiianiau dialect.
ItiBUOGRArnv:
THE GREAT
L. ItlnsUH-k, in Vrw. 1884. No. 12; Sokolow,
S.
ABRAMS, HARRIET
M. D.
En.slisb soprano vocal-
and composer; horn
ITliO; died in the first half of nineteenth century. Slic was the eldest of tlirec sisters (Harriet, Theodosia, and Eliza), all excellent vocalists. Harriet liersiOf was a ]uipil of Dr. Arne, and niaiie lier debut at Drury Lane Theater, London, in her ina.ster's musical piece. ".May Day," October 28, 1TT.5. She and her sister Theodosia sang at the opening of the Concerts of Ancient Music in 1770. 8lic sjiug also at the Handel C'onunemonition in Westminster Abbey in 1784 and at the princiijal London concerts for several j-eare afterward, when she and her sisters retired into private life. Harriet Abrams composed several jjleasing songs, two of which, "The Orphan's Prayer " and "Crazy Jane," aided by the impressive singing of her sisters, l)ecanie very popular. Slie published, further, in 1787, a collection of Scotch songs harmonized for three voices, besides other pieces at later dates. ist
the
BiBUOORAPHY: Brown, Dirliniiarfinf Musicians.s.y.; Grove, IMcl.of Mime awl Musi, inna. IKiK), vol. i.; Champlln, CiiclojMilki of Munic anil .Uii.Minrii.v, 4. Nvw York, lW,i. i.
G. L.
ABRAMSON, ARTHUR VON
Russian
civil
engineer; born at Odessti. ^March S, 18.34. He was educated at the gymnasium of Iiis native city, and studied mathematics at the L'nivcrsity of Odessji, which hi' left to lake a course in civil engineering at he I'olytechuikum of Zurich, Switzerland, from which he was graduated in 187(i. Returning to Russia in 1879, he passed the state examination at the Russian Imperial Institute of Roads and Communications, and was appointed one of the directors of the Russian .state railway at Kief. He devised, built, and managed the sewer system of Kief, and constructed the street-railroad'of that city. In 1881 he founded and became editor-hi-chief of a technical monthly, "Inzhencr" (The Engineer). He was appointed president of the local sewer company and director of the Kief city railroad. H. R. I
ABRAMSON, BERNARD
ABRAVALLA(N<i)xaxn2S). SAMUEL, called The richest Jew in Valencia. He
borrowed
Scfrr '/Ahkamn. Warsiiw, 1889 {Abraimneituch. Autohiiiiiii'iihiail Shelch); Alle Ktsmiwim i-mi Mciiihle MiicherSi/i,rim. I. il.. Odessa. lKs.t-(ici; wiener, ViMLsh Litcraluif. pp. laO-lWP, MJ. atSi (llsl of Works).
was forced during the this
i>erseeution of 1391 to accept jiini(hs of Valencia reported on July 14. 1391, as follows: "Yester-
The
Chrislianity.
baptism on
day there was baptized the great Don Samuel Abravalla with great solemnity in the palace of En Gasto under the patronage "of the martinis, and he has received the name of Alfonso Ferrandes de Villanueva, from an estate which he owns in the niari|uisate, called Villanueva" (De los RIos, "Hist. (le los Judios de Espana y Portugal," ii. G03) This Samuel Abravalla can scarcely be identical with Don Samuel Abravanel, who was also baptized in 1391, but took the name Juan de Sevilla. Abravalla soon returned to Judaism, as did also Abravanel. He was sent with Don Solomon ha-Levi to Rome as ambassador of the Spanish Jews, and had an interview with the pope. .
Bibliography: JiK/iii, iv.
Slicbct
No. 41: Gratz, Gesch. d.
I'l/iiKfa/i,
21S).
M. K.
ABRAVANEL, ABARBANEL, or ABRABANEL Oneof the oldest aiul most distinguished
Spanish families, which traces its origin from King David. Jlemhers of this family lived at Seville, where dwelt its oldest representative. Don Jiidah Abni vanel. Samuel Abravanel, his grandson, .settled at Valencia, and Samuel's son, Judah (or jierhaps he himself), left Spain for Portugal. Isaac, the .son of Judah. returned to Castile, where he lived till the time of the great expulsion of the Jews from Spain in 1492. Then, with his three sons. Judah, Jo.sei)h, and Samuel, Isaac went to Italy. Their descendants, as well as other members of the family who arrived later from the Iberian peninsula, lived in llollaiul. P^ugland, Turkey, and elsewhere during and since the si.xteenth century.
Pedigree. Judah or Joseph Samuel (Juan de
Serilla)
I
Judah
(In LIstwn) I
awm
Russian physician
of (he nineteenth century. He was a corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Science, and for valued work in sanitation was made a hereditary hononiry citizen by the Russian government. Owing to his interest in Jewish matters, he was requested by the government to draw up a curriculum for the Jewish .school at Uman in the government of Podol. In 1849 the title of collegiate'councilor was conferred upon him; and in the sjimc year he was elected a member of the Odessii English Club (composed of Russian noblemen). He wrote various
126
Judah
Isaac 1437 : died 1.508)
Joseph
I.«>on
(d. Ferrara,
(d. Ferrara, 1551)
Samuel
Isaac (in
Samuel=Bpnvenlrta 1.5.52)
Turkey)
Judab
Isaac (d. Ferrara, 1.573)
Samuel
Judah
I
r
(d. at Ferrara, Dec. 15, 1583)
I
Ephratm
Joseph
Manasseb
medical works.
(Physician at
I
BiBi.inoRAPHY
Amslerdam)
|
Leipsic,
Orient. 1R49. pp. 31. 112; JIUI.
Alhc»llum. tt
18.51.
s.v..
p
I
~|
(n.
I
ABRASS, JOSHTJA (OSIAS)
called
also
Pitzi A I'aniiius hazuii. orcantdr; l)orn in Austria about 1820, and died at Odessii in 1883. He was cantor in Tarnopol, 1840-42; afterward in Lcmlierg. 1842-<i0; and from 18H()-83 he waschief cantor of the
great synagogue of Odessa. He composed n' JTIDT ("Hymns and Religious Songs for Sabbaths and Festivals of the Year "). Vienna. 1873. His daughter was Abrastzova. a popular Russian singer. Bibliography Lippe, BibliographUches Lexicon, s.v.
H. R.
Jonah
Isaac Abravanel
(d.
Joseph Amster-
dam,
Jonah Amsterdam,
1620)
1710)
Manuel
Statesman and Bible commentator, son of tiie Portuguese treasurer, Dom Judah. was born in the year 1437 at Lisbon, and died at Venice in 1.508. He was buried in Padua. Abravanel received a careful education and was a pupil of Joseph Hayyim, rabbi of Lisbon. Well versed in Talmudic literature and in the learning of his time, endowed with a clear and keen mind, and full of enthusiasm for .Judaism, he devoted his earlj j'ears to the study of Jewish religious philosophy,
