ABU-YUSUF BEN ISAAC IBN SHAK lux .SiiAruiT. Sir llMni Ar.r ABU YUSUF HA-ZAKEN. Sic J<>si;i-ii
PRUT.
i
-i
ii.v-
Zakin Fiilhcr of Ptolemy, who niunliTtd Sinioii al .111 icho, where he was statioueii as military " G. B. L. (I Maee. xvi. 11, 1."),) cltii<r.
ABUBTJS
ABUDARHAM (Arabic
or Abulax): A faiiiilN iiaiiK' lioiiic liy Spanish .Jews, for the lirsl lime by David Abudarhiam, who wasa tax-eolU'ctoraiid elder of Ihe coiiirreiiatioii of the .Jews of Tudi'hi ilur ill if the reii^ii of Sancho the Great, kiiij; of Castile aii<l Leon (r-'.")IS-'.t.")). Sanelio was the tirst to reirulate the taxes which the various Jewish comnniiiities had to pay to the royal treasury. For this purpose a commission of the four chief meuof the comuiuni-
darahim,
I'.illin-
Abu-dirham
— or
of the Dirhrins"
to meet at Huete. September, the event of lie commission failiii,!; toai^'ree. it was the kiuif's order tlial the whole mailer be referred to David, and bnlh parlies wen' to abide by his See Ihe liocunieiil in .laeolis, "Sources," decision. p. 141. where Dim Dani Abudarham is ci|uivalent to Don David Abudarharri; Kayserlinj;. " Hev. Et. Jilives," wwiii. •J.">4; (iriilz. "Gescli. d. Judeii." In an elcjry on the catastrophe which vii. IGT. UiK overtook the Jews of Toleilo in 1391 (" Leilerbodc," vi. ;!;!-:!T) mention is made of "the Synairosiiic of Abudirhain " (^i?':"^^'!. probably so called after this ties
Abu Amram Joseph
THE JEWISH ENX'YCLOPEDIA
139
was suiiimoued
1200.
Ill
1
who
David,
have caused
iniist
it
lo
be built (Kay-
Juives," xxxviii. 'Syi). David's Joseph, and his gi-.inilson's David, of Ihe family.
geiiiiiiT. in " liev. ftt.
son's name was the best known
In 1.V.J4 Moses and Isaac Abudarham are nic n tioned as livini;- in Home anil eiitcrtainin.i; .Moses Heubeiii for a short while (Voffelstein and Kieger. "Gesch. d. Judrii in lioiii." ii. 44). certain Abraham Abudarham while at A>rramimt in 14 14 copied the Hebrew translation of Ar-
A
"Nieomaeliean Ethics" (Neubaucr, "Cat.
istolle's
col. .lOS. No. 1420). Bodl. llebr. .MSS About ITKll Uonianelli mentions the family Abudarham in Norlh Africa ("Jew. Quart. Hev." xii. llli). anil a eerlain J. Abudarham is said to have lived in CJibralhir in 1S4:'m" oiee of Jacob." vol. iii., list of subscribers). An .Vbinlarum is mentioneil in Marseilles in ISST; anil in 'ruiiis Ihe family AbouDerham is to be found al jirescnt (Cazes, "E.s.sai sur I'Histoire ilcs Israelites dc Tunisic," 188t(, p. 177). "
BtDi.ioc.ii.kriiv:
on
nirhiuii
iis iin
Aralile proper
nnmp. soe Spy-
Kiiiijii M'rnlcrhiiili. i>. 'M lust line. ( luiiimn' Weliniir, ismi; VaVui's (ii'nir. I'irl., Inilex, p. 4:i'>
- '
tlie use nf Dlimr" in ii similar wnse. Si'vUilil. p. Its; ^'iikiit, Ixilil,
//>ii.
O^-'iO),
spirituality
Ihe reading of the Shenia' (Dent. vi. 4). the Daily I'niyer.anil the various Heneiliet ions precede tliecommeiilary. which begins with the Night I'rayer. and then follnw s the order of the prayer-book. cliicHy of Ihe Sephaiilic .Iinliag. from beginning to end: lirst tlic Daily .Mornin,g, Afternoon, and Evening Prayers: Iheii the Sabbath, the >;ew iloon. and the Pas.sover Prayers (including the Passover Haggadah) and the Considerable space is given to Pentecost Prayer. the prayers oftlie fast days in general, besides those of the national last days in commemoration of Jerusalem; thin follow New-year's Day and Atonement Day and theSukkol leslival players. This section is foliowed by a chapter on the llaftarot. and then follow one on thecalenilar and a special discourse on the Tckubit and the superstitiousbelicf concerning it. The last section treats, in nine chajilers. of the various Heiieilictions. as for example before and after meals. The closing paragraph quite eliaraeieristically contains the rules regarding Ihe cutting of nails,
and ends bv
slalinsr:
"This bonk was completed
in
after the Creation of the WorUl, by Abiiilarham." In the manner of an eclectic he freiiuintly slates, or suggests, many ex|>lanations for one fact; but a certain warmth of religious feeling pervades Ihe whole book and makes it a harmonious unit, giving it an edifying, rather than a nicri4y legal, That Ihe work supplied a commonly character. The tirst fell need is shown by ils nine eililions. edition appeared in Usbmi in llsil; the .second in Conslanlinople in l.'ii:!; the third and fourth in Venice in l.-pKl and l.'ilili respectively; Ihe liflh in Amsterdam in 17'J(>(in lliisa portion of Ihe calendar was a lid seventh in Prague in 17S4aiid omit led); the si Ihe eighlli in I.emberg in 18."i7; 1H17 risiieetively and the iiiiilh in Warsaw in 1ST7. A manusiript exSeville in
.'^iioi)
Mb
ists in
the Friedlilndcr Library at St. Petersburg.
Mlelmi'l, Or liii-llniiiiiiii. No. T-lt; Stoln. CiU. Iliiill. iiil. KVi; s. Wli'lier. Cii*. llililiiinirm Dellossl. AiniiUri llrli. 7'i/jmi(rii/i/iii i FriVi/lmiihiimi.p. 1 Sei' also llrflU's Jnhrh. II. lil">. HiienIII .«.i..i(/ii n: p. liT. alteiillnii isialli'il liilliei«ixiaii<Miii the teliiiloiry of tlieorifaiis
llllil.loiiRAIMIv: si-lilleldiT.
of
Ilii'
hiiinan ImnIv. lakiii llienillv fnnii shaliln'tlial Ihinolo, IVfiiii/i, l^l. I'mtfue, p. Illi.
(iiiiiiiii ii'iinfiiii t/ir liiii'U
