I
j
^
I
I
I
I
I
.
THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA
153
word is sufficient). Sections of two words niav not have a cesiira.
- should properly never have more than one
Itj. servus. In all cases where two or more servi are found the servus itnmedialcly preceding- is a substitute for -, (see note lo). Three servi: |. . ~ (hut wlien one
the secondary cesura
may and
'-
required,
is
employed
- is
by
note
tion,
When
'-.
only one cesura
should luoperly mark
it. However, two accents are presumably re-
(the
garded as of equal force:
see, for
Between
17).
'-
and
a similar substituthere mu.st be at
one word. When 1- is due in the word immediately preceding it is replaced by a servus, r Another servus, -. may be placed in the next preceding word. This necessitates a further change: 1 (marking the main cesura), which does not permit - immediately after it, and is transformed .; into |J may be found in the word adjoining only when Vs word is long: otherwise gives waj' to a servus. This may neces.sitate a further change
when
i.e., -
least
the lone is on the third syllable: or on the second syllable when the first syllal)le
- 7,
Accents in Hebrew
,
isoverlong; : when the condition mentioned in note in all other cases). 6 is fulfilled: In three instances L takes the ])laee of the middle servus; it is preceded by : and followed by.' (when the tone is .-
.
,
due on
first
tlic
syllable) or
by
(when the
tisual
.'
condition is fulfilled). -). Two servi: r (but One servus ; after ; (but '-) ; iu all other ca.ses, More than three servi are found iu three instances: in one 1 oecui)ies the second place before -; iu the others the nudtiplication of servi is due to the resoni>N n'ji'i<--ij.; 'J."?',, n'"'j';>^ D^T lution of hyi)hcnatcd words. Theoretic17. 90 ally, 1 marks the -
'-
when
word
the
udjoiniiig
7 is
itself short (that is,
with only one syllabic, which is not the bearer of a secondary accent, before the accented syllable): when due on
,
"i^**)^
^j;
'^^' onj
-I'cit
ij
i
^;^^ x
I
II
IS
I
18
i&
pects '-. to be the accent where only one cesura is re
^g
nj!??^
1«
IS
6
5.
.
n
qcr
3
19
'r"'3?~'"s
The foregoing verses as emended by Duhm
In his Psalm.s
(the rest of the verse as above:)
t
I is
riV
I
r'.??,-'?^?
Such is req uen ly the But
4
I. I.
^^'
I
?uired. case.
IS I
•
19
em-
21
91
nin< on; ^ictp IS
1
I
I
1
lii
II
I
section in front of the cesura must itself be bisected, or
when
the
1.
I
B"3
njij
3
J npy.
last
word
is
of
-
should
properly
have more
never than
one servus.
pausjil
requires
IS
servi l)efore either ca.'^e out of (he |2 is question see note 12); some-
'P'j3n-y
oSy^ t^b'-inN
onj?
»*;?
18
In all cases where two or more servi are 4 found, the servus immediately preceding 7 is a substitute for J (see note 19). Three upon the same condi
18
T^I'^n 'V^" ya-Lri
(in
^^^^""""^^
^^"^
First
Four V
Between
'-
and
- there
must
be at least one word. Otherwise '- gives way to a servus. The shortest mea.sure of -'s section is one word. Sections of two words, of course, have no cesura. The cesura fiiils likewise in the ease of small words standing at the beginning of the section and accented on the lirsl syllable, uidess emphasis is desired. The foregoing rules remain in force, even wlien - gives way to a servus (see note l.">). 18. ; should prop<'rly never have more than one servus: .-(il may be found, instead of light Jr", in the siune word with ; only when the .syllable precetling the tone syllabic d for its vowel). When
overlong and has a or two servi appear, the one
is
adjoining ; (:) is a substitute for while the one farther to the left is
';
(see note 17). servus (see
il's
note l'.J): ; r. Once three servi are found: : :
- takes the place of a hyphen.
19. The main cesuni in section C is marked bv
-
Psalm ex.
of
times (in three , instances) for no apparent rca.son (1 and ': arc so nearly alike in pausjd force that occasionally one is
placed for the other).
the
20.
4
5.
r^;n
two it
i«
I
per-
mit T immediately before it; the latter accent will then be replaced by ., the other accents remaining the same as before Sections of r. two words have a cesura, provided sulficient length to permit .' before it (see above).
t
IS
18
ployed when the
accent
is
But 7 does not
i«
1
section section is usually too .short two require to cesuras. One ex;'s
- '8
C
of
<
II
I
'-.
but
.
measure one word.
shortest
main, and the secondary cesura in
next preceding word, is replaced by 1' The the
servi: 7 i ~, that is, 7 and 7 tions as before 7 (see note l(i) where 1 is u.scd before 7- will be employed here. servi: 77: but 1; 7: 7 may take the place of lights.?? in the Sfime word with : (provided that . docs not precede: see note 19): in a few places the servi are altogether irregular. One servus: 7 (when the tone is on the first syllable; but ';) ; (when on any other
Two
,
syllable), or _ (after '7).
In a
few instances four
servi are found. Its shortest 21. There is nocesura in -."s section. measure is one wonl. Except in a few instano's, Three s«'rvi: has never more than two servi. .'
or: according to the usual rule); in three 7-7 and r " r. Two servi: 7-. One servus: 7. The servi of |1 are the same as those
,
7.
-.
(.
pa.s,sages:
of
- .
As an
illustration of the application of the above to concrete ca.ses. the lirsl four verses of I'.milm ex. are given above. The cesunis are indicated as in the diagnim: the figures refer to the notes.
diagnim and rules
