TIIK .JEWISH ENCYCLOI'KDIA
155
may
one or two
Two
servi. servi - 7. IiiIUt is occasio'"i"y found in the same wunl with .. especially in order In indicate ('",<, Eccl. iv. 10. for example). a. compound word y.
.
liave
Oiiusorvus:
- .
The
1). There is no cesura in I's section. Its sliortest measure is one word. 1 may have from one to si. servi. all -'8. "S is found in si.xteen instances; in every instance I niisht have been used. "J never standsalone; it may huveas many as six servi: - : .-
etc.
There is no cesura in fs section. Its .shortest measure is one word. ! may have from one to five servi. all r's. ! and
- are constantly intcrchun.ired. particularly where the former is subor10.
dinated to . (see note 11) or to the servus that takes the place of .' (see note lo). 11. I's section shoidd properly l)e indivisible. But very often a division is introduced. The main Cesura is then marked l)y 1. and the second by !. lietween 1 and _ at least I wo Words shoidd properly inliTvene; the former is lurcly foiuiii in the second woril. iSomeliines, when there arc only two woids in .'s section, a cesura is introduced. Similarly, in a few very rare instjuices, f s section is bisected; 1 then marks the cesura. The reason for the phenomena .just mentioned is apparently the sli.irht and almost impereeptilile dilTerencc in pausal force be tweeii the three accents: :, !, and _ The shortest nieasin'e of _'s section is one word. when the accent is on the penidtimate, <if 'i. when 1 precedes; when the accent is (ju the ulti mate, and 1 does not precede. 13. 1 may have from one to five servi, but :' can have only one. Three or more servi: It --, etc. Two servi: It. Oneservus: : (when the accent is on the (ii'st letter of (he word, this is the only servus can take), or 1 (when on any other letter). 1 may take the place of lijiht J"" in the same word wiih.'wlKii no other servus precedes (except when the J" divides if: or .--.or when . follows, unless at the Slime time f precedes). 14. There is no cesura in ':'s section. Its short est measure is one word. 7 may have one or two .
.'
- '
servi: ;
1, 7.
l.'i. The rides for the division of 7's, I's. and fs sections ar<' nearly the same as thfise governin.ir the division of .'s seelion (sec note T). The follow ill); dllVerenees should be noted: '-,'s .section is .sel<loni available (only three instances are recoiiled).
1 may be found in the second word before 7, etc., thoU);h not fre(|ueiilly, even when the two words iie.t followinir are liolh short: its utmost limit appears to be the liftli word (where it replaces .' for the main cesura). In live passiifjes 1 and . are found ill the same word (secoiiil from 7, etc.): there was evidently a diirerence of opiiiiim anions; the ac centuators; liolh accents are now dianted. . first. Hetwei-n .' and 7 there must be at least one word (but see below); its rei;iilar utmost limit is the third Word; it is found in the fourth only when the next followini; cesura is marked by ': (see above), or when it and ! ehaniie places, as in fJeii. i. 12 only in the latter (ase . may be found in the fifth wiird (sec> Deiil. xvii. ,"1); ! iind . may also chanire places when the latti'r accent is <liie in the third word. When . becomes unavailable it gives way to a servus, its own .servi remaining: . may remain
when
word is loiii;. The .section limited by eonlain no more than one word. Sec tionsof two words may and may not have a cesura; a eesiini is admissible" when the latter of the two Wolds is loiii; and the interval between the lone syllables considerable; but iveii then it is rarely in tioduced; ili(. accent markiug the cesura is.'. The 7.
tlie last
etc..
may
Accents in Hebrew
may be left out occasionally also in sections of three words even when it is due al a sullicieutly hin'j: distance (that is. after the first word of the section) to make . available. Ui. When . is due on the first U4ter of the word and no servus juccedes, it is replaced by 7. 17, 7, etc, may Lave as many as si.x servi. Four or more servi: -.-. 1^77. Three servi: -z 1 t. cesiii-a
Two
servi:
anil
1
7— that is, 7 when on the first letter, el.scwhere; the two servi may occasionally appear in the same word, the first replaein.i;- the liirlit ^7? or indicating the eiiil of the first jiart in a compound word; 7 may take the place of 7 between 1 and ': when J?" occurs in the hitter's word, or « hen TP? precedes. One servus: before 7:7,, that is, -, when two or more syllables intervene between the servus and 7, ^'I'f at the be.irinning of a word and furtive "~- couniins; as syllables; 7 when only one syllable (even an overlon.s .syllable) or none at all intervenes: 7 always remains before r?R; 7, provided no oilier .servus precedes, may replace ^I^P (in the same word with 7) when the latter is due in an overlong syllable (immediately before 7); but not in an ojien .syllable •separated from 7 by aiiollier open syllable or by an incompletely reduced vowel (I^C )"; liefore 1: 7., thai is, 7 when one or more syllables intervene between the servus and the tone-syllable of I's word, the beirinniiii; of a word and furtive "C? "V"-' al eountini; as above; in a few compound words 7 appears in the sjime word withl; 7 when no syllalile intervenes; 7 always remains before r°?; before -: :. 7-,
when
,
,
18.
.
when
servus
a
precedes:
otherwise
1
is
used.
The
rules for the division of . 's section are the siime as those jioverniu.i; the division of i's section except that for r there is used here 1. The shortest measure of Is section is two words. Sections of two words may or may not liave a cesura. U).
The cesura always fails when the second word is short when it is loni; a <esura"must lie introduced, unless the first word is very short, or is a word of
frequent occurrence. '.3(1.
1
appear
may have in the
one or two servi, both 7 s. same word with 1, provided
7
may
thai no
J?" (it must 7 precedes, in place of light not divide --. or 7-; sec note 13), but not on the first letter: when 7 is inadmissible and the jiausal accent preceding is not '., 1 (calleil here ^r"", or a kind of 'T:') is introduced in the jilacc of the heavy 'u^; when neither 7 nor i is admis.sible " is necessarily employed. 21. The rules for the divisicm of 7's section are the Siune as those governing the division of I's seclion exce])t that for 1 there is ised here .-. The shortest measure of 7's section is one woixl. Sections of two words may or may not liave n cesura (a cesura may be introduced only wlien 7*8
second
word
is
long).
has usually only one servus: -. It occiithe place of light '"•., or in compound words, in the sjime place with 7. In fourteen instances 7 is preceded by two servi: ;(: is properly a weakened 7 7 is 7's servus). 23. The rules for the divi.slon of sectiim R are the siune as those governiii.g A except that is not available here. The shortest measure of B is one word. Seclions of two words always have a '2".i.
7
sionally appears in
'.
cesura. 2-1.
in the
Fnr
-'s .servus
is
In a few instances 7
-.
same word with ihi'
sike
(if
7
('*t",'*";
illM..ir iii..ii
is
found
see note 3). the Second
Com-
