— Acquittal Acrostics
THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA
many down
chances, as shown above, of tlie of a witness, or contradiction between the necessary two witness<'s. and. histly. the re(|iiireiiient of a warnini; (Imtrnah), Rarity of without wliieh no capital sentence (exCondemna- cept fur iiuiteminl to idol worship) could lie pronounced (Mak. i. S. !)) tion. a RMiuirenieut which must, however, have crept into the law at a very late day it is not to be wondered at that death-sentences were rare. also
the
breaking
—
A
Sanhedrin which puts one i)erson to death in seven years is called bloody Kabbi Eleazer ben Azariali .Sfiys. if it i)Uts one person to death in .seventy years; K. Tart'on and ]{. Akiba both claim if they had been on the Saiilirdriri noliody would ever
—
170
Temple mount toward the .south, where he placeii a garrison, stored provisions, and kept armor. The Greek (I Mace. i. 33) rea<ls " Acra." which has of the
been translated as BiBi.iooRAPnv: S<-IiiiriT.
Ui'Hch.
ACRE
if
it
.lospptius, i.
were not a proper name. B. J.v.4,8
IM.
(called
also,
at
1: vl. (!,«:!; xll. ^, ty ^. J5.
different
times.
.'>.
«
1:
, 1*.
Acca,
Akka, Accho, Acco,
St. Jean d'Acre, ami Ptolemais) t'ily and scaporl of I'henicia, situated on a I>romoutoryat the foot of !Monnt C'armel (compare. bisephus. " Ant." ii. 10. ij 2). haviiiir (lUin)a population of about it.iSOO, anionj^ whom there are a few Jews. Acre is mentioned in hierosrlypliic inscriptions about bllH) 11. c. under the fnrni of .l/.w and in llie Kl:
The Modern Citt of Acre. (From A photograph b^
Bonfils.)
have been put to death; whereupon TJabban Simon,
Amarna Tablets (Winckler's
son of Gamaliel, retorts: "The men who talk in this wavnnilliplv the shedders of blood in Israel " (Mish-
as Ah-l-'i, the seat of a rapacious prince. On Phenieian coins its name is "|y. The tribe of Asher claimed it (Josh. xix. 30. where the name is distorted into l'm)iiii/i, but is still correctly read 'Akku in the better manuscriptsof the Septuagint; see Dillmann. "Commentary." and Hollenberg, in Stade's "Zeitschrift." i. tOO). but the tribe was unable to conquer it (.Tu<lges. i, 31. where llienameis written^lcc/w). Sennacherib conquered A/./.i in 701 li.c, and gave it as a tief to Tubaalu(Ethobalos) of Sidon. Josephus (" Ant." ix. 14. 5= 2) refers this (after Mcnandcr) to the time of Shalmanescr (IV.). Asurbanipal, returning from his ex pedition again.st the Arabs (about 645 B.C. ), suppressed a revolt of Akkil and UsIiO (Schrader, "C. I. O. T."161; Delitzsch, "Paradies," p. 2S4:
nah >Iak.
i.
10).
may
be stated that the rules herein jriv(>n favoring acquittals did not apply to prosecutions for theft. As the only i>nnishment for this crime was compensation in double (in some cases four times or live times) the value of the thing stolen, the prosecution was deemed to be in the nature of a civil suit for the recovery of money or property (though non-payment might bring about the temporary enslavement of the accused). See Acccsatokv .xd Lnqiisitouiai. PuoIt
CEDURE, Criminal Laws. Chimixal PnocEnrnR. L. X. D.
ACBA
Fortress built by Antiochus Epiphanes in the year 173 B.C. at Jerusalem, on an outlying spur
ed.,
Kos.
11, 65, 157, et
sri/.)
Winckler. "Gcsehichte," pp.252. 2S8). times the old name A/ie (Strabo, 75S) was
In Greek used
little
