THE
215
.IKWISll
Adrlanople
ENCYCLOPEDIA
Adula
.ludah, and continufd by was a timely work, for
[The Alliance Israelite also maintains at Adrianople a school for boys (founded 1867). which in
the iiiil'iK-diifi' which it recorded wiTe renewed in Anconii. in 1 ")">(>. and aroused the indii,'nalion of tlie Jews in Turkey, including those of Adriano|ile, wlio. in order to take revenge on I'ope Paul 1'.. Iliouglit of adopting Joseph N'asi'ssuggestion to cease shipjiing heir niercliandise to the port of Anemia and to Neither Jo.seiih transfer their tonimerce to Pesaro. Zarfati, author of sermons (" Vad Yosef." KilT). nor judah liilhon (LlflS-lKiil) witnessed the Messianic agitulion instigated by Shaiibethai Zebi, which caiuc-
isi)7 had iiO'i pupils. A theological seminary was founded there in 1X96 by Mr. Abraham Danon in conjunclion with the Alliance, but was, a year ater.
begun liis
l)y bis grarKifatlier.
futlii'r, Si)l(ini(in.
Tliis
t
loan eiiil at Adrianople, when lioth Zeliianil his wife emliraecd Islam (Srpt. 21. IfiCiti) in tin; presence of Sultan .Mohammed IV., of which fact legcud.s are rife to this day. Among the" rabbis wlio opposed the propaganda which Shahbetliai still continued in favor of Islam, and the agitation fomented by his iiroidiet. Nathan of Gaza, who had been expelled from Ipsalaand Comargeiia,
were Abraham Amigo,
Klijali
and Jacob
Obadia. Jucoli Danon, Israel Adato. Pliinehas Cohen,
Abraliam >[agriss(i(dicd ItlsO or KiST) ai>pears to liave been a most decided aiiliSlnibbethaian in spite of the presence of Samuel Primo, e. secretary to the false Messiah, who died
and Simeon I'binehas.
at
Adrianople (ITOW).
The aimals of the community at Adrianople, spread over many years, furnish only tlie names of rabbis, viz.: AbValiam b. Solomon Katan. ITl'.t; Abraliam Zarfati, 1722; Eliezcr Nalium, 100^-174:!. anllior of a commentary on the Mislinah. Dinj JITn. 'I'lu'i-e are. moreover, two families, who for nearly two centuries have siip]ilied two iiarallel lines of rabbis. To the Uehmoiras, of Polish origin. iHOonged Menahem I. ben Is;iac (l(iO(>-172.S); .Mordeeai 1., author of 'STlO nOXO (died 174:i or 174S); Menahem II. (died in 177ti or 17S1); Moidecai II. Chelibi (died 1.S21); Paphael 1. Moses (died 1M7S). and HaThere were also two iion|iliael II. (died 1WI7K ollicjaling rabbis of this family. Salomon, author of nO^C:' Pti'n (Constantinoiile. 17()7) and nrD^L" 3n3D (Salonica, 1H7(M. and Simeon, autlmr of ;iyDL" ilCD (Salnni<a, ISl!)), aiift still another Menahem. autlmr
DnjD '")3n. The family Gueron pliail .laeub Abraham I. ((lied K.jl).
of
furnished Ha-
author of mtij; Eliakim I. (died at
D'lElD (Constantinople, 17.")6); Con-itanllnople about 1800); Yakir I. (Preciado .st rue, died at Jerusalem, 1^17^; Jacob .braham II. (Cornorte or MeiialKMii. died lN2(i), autlior of -|'3S 3PV' (Salonica. ls;!,S); H<'kor Eliakim II. (died about liorn in 1^18; !«;).")); and Vakir II. (PitF.ri.i)o died at Jerusalem after a distinguished career, in IH74); Jacob Abraham III. anil Mordecai (died 1SH9). Hesides these two families, which for nearly two hundred years divided betwei'ii them the honors of governing the commuiiily of Adrianople, there were also some able seen 'laries who eHicieiilly aided in this Tlii'y Were Elijah Perez (dieil 17(i;i). .Minihani task. Perez Isaac Alkabi'Z (died after ls:il).and Samuel ibn Danon (adviser of Yakir II Gueron) who in IS.'iO took a prominent part in the fmindation of the whools, which wen> at first under the management of Joseph llalevy, now professor at the Sorbonne, I'aris. and were afterwani governed by directors Milt there by the Alliance Israelite t'niverselle. liesiiles a schiiiil accomniodating liiso scholars, there are also a 'I'alniiid Toiaii with H.so cjiildreii; a private .scliocil iTil'eicl Visraell with 200 pupils; a Jewish Alliance Sihool with 470 girls; a .Jewish club, a small hospital, and sevi'ral Iienevohtil and debating scx^ielies. Adrianople has had to endure its share of disjisle|-s: a lire in islii; the cholera in l^'tl"); and. liiially, the calumny of ritual murder in 1H72.
transferred to Constantinople. Buii.KXiR.vDiv
rUmiHie
Kninco.
Kxi^fii
O.]
>*urriTistinre
0(((,iiifoi,pp. 3itt, 2n.M'arl.s. IWIT;
liance Israelite UnivcfKellc, 1897, series
11,
Ittrat'litrx
tit-i*
dc
lliilMiuiler AlNo.
Si, p. 85.
A. D.
ADRIANTJS, MATTH.a:US
Hebraist of the lie u as a .lew of Sjianish desi.MeeiJlh (eiituiy. scent, but at an early age migrated to Gerniany, where lie embraced Christianity. Though a physician by professii>n. he achieved eminence mainly as an instructor in Hebrew. Through the iutluence of Heuchlin and Conrad Pcllican. the latter of whom was his pupil, he secured a tutorship ill llu' house of Johann Anierbach. the printer of Basel, anil became (he instructor of Fabricius Capito at Hruchsall. In I.TIS he was called to the chair of Hebrew at Heidelberg, where, among others. Johann lireiiz and
Joannes (Ecolampadius came under his tuition. On the recommendation of Erasmus, in the year l.")17. he was given a professoreliip in the newly established Collegium Trilingue at Louvain. where many hopes were centered in him. These, however, were shattered as early as l.")iy. when Adriauus publicly stated in one of his lectures that Jerome had often bein subject to human errors. This assertion of Jerome's' fallibility cost Adrianus the goodwill of his colleagues, and particularly of Latomus. who
Latomus siibse(|Uently was Luther's antagonist. attacked Adrianus' s|)eech and caused his deparAdrianus' rash frankness, ture from the college. in fact, combined with his petulance and i|iiarrelsonie disposition, precluded his lengthy residence In 1.521 he was expelled from at any one place. Wittenberg, where, upon his arrival, he had been received with open arms by Luther, and where he had instructed in Hebrew a number of noted men. among whom was Valentin Trotzendorf. Wlielher be Willi thence to Leipsic or Freiburg is iiiicerlain. Among as are also the jilace and date of his death. his lilerary productions the " Introiluctio in Linguam llcbra'am" and his translations into Hebrew of several Christian prayers, contained in his " Horn pro Domino." are regarded as rarities. But, on the whole. Ills reputation as one of the most noted Hebi-aists of his day rested more on Ins capacity as an instructor than on his writings. AUti. DrutM-he JJii^/rd/i/oV, I. 124 ; (iel(f*r, <l. llihr. Sjiraehe in Ihiilnchhiinl. pp. 41-18. SleliituhnelcltT. liil)lii>iirai>hbtcli>n Hamlliucli. >. 2: Orieiitaliiiche u. Kxeuetinehc Bihtiotlick. vl. IWI.
Uini.KiiouiMiv:
- <iw Sluitiuiii
i:(4;
mn,
H. G. E.
The Meholathite to whom Merab daii!.'liler) was given in marriage instead of
ABRIEL: (Saul's to
David
xxi. 8). pi'ars to
b<'
son of Barzillai (II Sam. meaning i>f the name. Adriel ap an Animaized form of Azriel ("God is
Sam.
(I
As
xviii. 19);
to the
Help"; IChron. v. 24. xxvii. 19: Jer. xxxvi. 26), with whi<h it is actually idiMililied by the Syriac version, not only in the" pas.sage I Sam. xviii. 10, where Aramaisnis might be expected, but also in H
mv
Sam.
J.
xxi. s.
AD'ULA OF T'UNIS
D.
P
A Jiw who.
to avoid beiiiL' baptizi d. cminiitted suicide in the house of llw catechumen in Home, on Mav 2, 1660, at the moment
he was about to undergo the
rite.
BliiLIoOBArnv: VoKfUtfin iiml Iliiwer. (Irwh. «<im. II. 219; -IHu. /< i'. Ni'. autl, MunUli, ISiC.
d. Jiiilrn
(n
