—
human
Jewish authors in the Middle Ages times sec the resume in Liiw, I.e. pp. contributions to this subject from the pen of Samuel lia-N!i!ri<l. Abraliam ibn Ezra, and other poets of the Spiuiisli school are especially See al.so Skvkx. inlerestiujr. of
and
life bj'
in miidini
Poetic
2<>—41.
BuiLiOGturnv trtw Ziir
Warkernasel, Die Leltowalter:
Veivteu-heiulfit
Sitteii- utut
Kin Bei-
liechtsiirsehiehte,
WK;
lAHjpolil Low. [He Liheu-vlUir ill thrJIUI. Lit.. lliisi-l, Addltluns In Stflnschnelder. Ihhr. Ilihl. xlll. »y.vKtiX , IST.i. aa.itl. B<'rlln. l«~t; xvl. lii-lS. Uerlln, 1H7H IDr. EKer's n-vlew
of Low's
work)
llebr.
Ueben.
pp. 257, 874, Berlin.
1S9;S.
AGGADA, THE.
Indifches MUrchcn auf Krlanger. Deitriluc zur Krlangen, 1«90; The I'rnud A'iiij/, In liarUutm itiut Jnsaphat, ed. liv.'J, Jacobs, l>jndon, l.fllli: Benfey. I'anlilinhiiilni. II. 124, Ulpslc. lH.-iU; William Mortis. The I'nntil Kiinj. In The Karthlu Partulise, '.V eil.. p. :il(i; .Kivlnianns, In the early English version of the Getita Itiimnnoniin, pp. 7.5 el sci/., Ixindon. 1S7H; I'os. Nov.,
BiBLiofiRAPiiv
Seinir
t^t.
Vamhagen,
H.
Ix.
Kill
Iss:*;
Berlin.
I'll ill ill niie,
HI.
5t£.*
c(
When
swam
- <;<(.:
Jitieen, xvli. 57-tVi.
AGLA
"Till" wi'allliy and mlprhtyczar Ageel, niler of a preat couniinc day, hearing the prlnst n'ad try, ^rrcw proud and hiiutfhtv. from ilH' Holy .srhptures that tin* rich may [(tH-ome j r and the |Mior rh'li. In* bcrainc an»?ry. Wiw It pos.sllile ilml lit*. Amfei, could ever becoiuc [KMjr. and some lH*iirpir tx'roiiie rlrli In Ids sit'ad ? lie (prdnrvd the prle.si to be Imprisoned and the leaves i-onuilnint; the w<»nls he had exinmiuled to lie toni from the lMH»k. tiod thereuiKHi resolved to liuiiiillale AKpei for his arniganre. (in one tuTiislon, when huiitlm.; with his servants, he sl4irled a U'liittlfiil deer, which he pursued into a hinely place. far away fntiii his retainers. the ile«'r ttHik to the river. after It and folltiwed It Into a forest. The creature AiTL'el was an anitel that had taken the form of a ileer. Ijiter. hy the laird's command. It assumed the aptiearance of .l'Ui'I. Joined the hunters, and rode htmie with them. .No one su>i"-c(ed ihat lie was not the real czar, though all wen* surjirlseil at tl)e rliauife
R.
A cabalistic sign used as a talisman. It isacomliiiiation of the initial letlersof "»'lff"A (lil>lH>r Le'iihiiii Ailiiiiiii." the first four words of the second benediction of Sheinoneli 'Esreli (see Moses Holarel.
comnicntaiy on "Scfer Ycziiah," i. 2, and Hayyim Vital. "Peri Ez Hayyim. Sliaar 'Amidali." IH. and Mi-ir ilm (iabliai on "Shemoiieh 'Esreh"). To Ihc letters Jod. He, the numerical value of which ecpials fifteen, Isaac Liiria added the nunieiical value of letters making twenty, which, when added to the eipiivalent to the sum
- iO
that is. l 3 l 3.~). Othercabalists identify the name with that of the thirty-live angelic princes of the Torah. Cii'idemaiin ("Gisch. der Erziihiiiigihr Juden in Ilalien." ]i. ;5;5li) calls allenlioii to Ihc singular fad that the four letlei's G L .V inscrilicd upon wooilen dishes, together with Chiistiaii cro.s.ses, were used as a talisman against lire, the letters being said to signify: fifteen, thus. ].5-|-20 =:
3.j. is
+ + +
total of the letti'is in Agla.
=
A
An» ("Almight}' God.
Allniiie/ilif/i r Unit. Li'i»ehe e.xtinguisli the flames").
J. L. S.
K.
he liecame serious and meted out Justice on
every hand. " tlH' P'al Amtel. naked, liiinirry, and exhausted, met a shepThe shepherd, to whom he declareil lilmstfl'f its the sovereit'n. llerd conskh>red him an imtsislor and i;ave him a thraslilni; hut later, dei-ldin^ that Apt'el was lu.sane. he threw a sheepskin alHiut him to cover his nakeilness. When Airtrei returned to the oily he went :o the palace, hut the ^uanl drove lilm :i«ay. He then had to work as u common ialNtrer. t'oiuliiced that a hold
and
impuilctit ini|s>stor had usurjK'd his place. .Ak'^rei repaired to the church an<l. when the new ruler piLs,se<l hy. limki'ti Into his face and immediately ns-otfidzisl the an^ei of tlie Loril. Filled with horror and fear, he left the city, and si«in liecame convlnctil that (iod had punished him for his haut'litiness. In his hnmillatlon he confes.s»Ml his sins and prayed to (iod for luen-y and strength. At the end of three years the new .soveri-iuii issued an order commanding all the lH*gt?ars and the poor (liniiitrhout the country to altenil a tfiiind recejitlon and fea.st In his palace. Amontf them wa.s a group of hllnd men, with Aggel ns (heir leader. When the angel passed round, he asked Aggei: 'Are vou also ft lieggarV .ggei replied that he wils hut the servant of the Iwggars. The angel then told him that his jiunishment wiLs at an end an<l that he might take the niler's mantle, the sword, and the scepter again, and rule the jw-ople wisely and mildly. Hut Aggel dhl not wish to rule again ; and he went away to lead the hllnil."
AGNATES
(Latiu. Agnati. Adgnati) In Roman law. kindred on the paternal side only: the word is used in contiadislinctioii 1o enf/miti. kindred on the mother's as well as on thi' father's side. In Jewish law. the right of inheritance, basi'd on the written law (Xum. .xvii. 8-11). recognized among ascending and collateral kindred the Agnates only. The text reads:
is
" If n man die, and have no son, then ye sliall cause his Inheritance to pas.s unto bis daughter. . d If he have no daughter, tlien ye shall give his Inhcritunct* unto his hrethrvn. And if he have lio hrclhivn. then ye shall give his inheritance unto his father's brethren. And if his father have no hivthreii, (hen ye shall give his inheritance uiit<» his kinsman that Is next to hlin of his fiiinlly, and he shall [hisscw* it and it shall U* unto the children of Isnieia statute of Judgment, as the Lord coiiimauded
Mos«*s."
The
traditional construction of this
in the Jlislinah (H. B. viii. 2),
sion
based u]>on the haggadic tales of Solomon iSaiih. 9."i</ Cant. H. to i. 10; Targ. Eccl. i. 12; Midr. Tan.. Waerii Yer. Sanh. ii. 20; (iit. (!S/, we especially the old Knssian legend of the "Czar SoUimon anil Kitovras" ilhat is. Asmodeus). which is to be founil in the collection of legends on IJililical topics iindcT the tille '• Paleya " (14T7and 14it4). which lire niniost exactly the same in contents us the Tiilmudic Ilaggadah of "King Solomon and Asmo di'iis"). S. lii'ilin is of opinion that the Kiissiniis received the Talmudic legend in a Hussian nnilcr ing from Sotilh Kussiaii Jews in very early limes ("Skaziinie o (Jordom Aggeve" (Tale of the Proud AgL'ei) in " Voskliiid." November. IMUUl. Israel Levi in his article, " LOrgueil de Siilomon " (" I{ev, fit. Jiiives," xvii. i"iH ft mi/.), also tries to prove that the legend is not of Indian, but of Jewish, origin; while M. Ves.si'lovski, in " Netie IJeiirilire ziir (ir schichti' der Salomonsnge " (".r(liiv fllr Slavische
This leirend
ll'tiwlerttuif,
KmiliKelicii
See Hacg.d.vh. Tiik.
The original idea of the legend con<criiiiig the I'roud KingAggei, which appears in various forms in folk lore, is found also in the Talmud, the Midrashim. and the Targum. Tlie Russian version, as rendered by CJarshin, reads as follows;
ftir
"Solomon and Asmodeus."
II.
.
iK'havlor;
Philologie." 1882. pp. 393-411). is of the opinion that traces of the Indian legend (from the "Vikramacharitni ") are to be found in the Talmudic tale of
Ute.
AGGADISTS. >. Hago adists. AGGEI, THE PROUD KING:
liLs
Ag^nates
ISSKI; ,.lrr/iir |llr .s'Ioris()i<; Philnliiuie. lt«.', pp.
G. A. K.
In
Aees of Man
THE JEWISH ENX'YCLOPEDIA
235
'
law
The order
is
found
of succes-
as follows;
is
man die, and have no son, then yeshall cause his Inheriason conies tance to pa.ss unto his daughter' Num. xxvli, s] hefoiv the daughter, and all the ile.si'eiidants of the son come Iwfon' the daughter. The danghtiT comes lH-fon> her uncles and The all the desi-ellilants of the daughter mine iH-fore her uncles. broilierscoiiie befon' the father's brothers: and the desi-endani.s of the brolhers come U'fon' the fai Iter's brotheiN. Thegenenil nler of succ<'»lon, his luh' Is this Whoi'ver Is pn'fenisl In tl desceniliints an- also preferred; and the father pixfedes aiiyiif •
If
a
I
his des4'eiidants."
It will be seen that in default of issue the inheritnneeasceiiilslollie falhcrof lie deceased. The Mosaic law does not provide for such a ciisi' perhaps because (he text deals with the ori^dnal division of the Holy I.,and, he soil of which is supposed to be inalienable, so lull no one can well have an inheritable estate in land until after his father's death, liul during the second commonwealth the law of the Jubilee could no longer be carried out. Thus, it would often hap pell thai the estate of a childless person would go to I
I
I
