AGKIPPA, CAIUS pnipntnr
,i|
JXTLItrS: Jlciitiomd as imc of Asia in an inEpliesus; was pmljaldy a (k'scendarit of Ifiini^in
tlir
|ini
scription at thf royal house of Heroil. His father, referred to in the inscription in (jucstion as Kin^ Alexander, was doubtless the Alexander appointed l)y Vespasian as "kinj; of an island in C'ilieia" (.loseplms. "Ant." -wiii. '>, i; 4) anil would thus he irreat irrandson of Alexander, son <]f Herod the llreat. by Marlanine His descendants (see genealoirical abstract l)elow). soon lost all connection with Judaism and disap-
peared
A^rippa
THE JEWISH E^X"YCLOPEDIA
273
in
healhendoni (Josephus, Herod the Great, d. buaband ut Murlaiiiiie.
4
d.
ibiil.
141).
B.C.
- iU
B.C.
I
Alexander
II.
A^uilar, Diego
d'
by the Alniohailes, many of the Jews resident there pretended for a time to embrace Ishim, In the year V-iW the Jews of the community kiUI 8.0OI) maravcdis(.S'.i9.240
= .f5.H48) in
taxes.
'
In the civil
war
be-
tween Don Pedro the Cruel and his brother, Don Henry, the Jews of Aguilar suffered severely, and many of them were slain. A tombstone, with a Hebrew inscription dating from the fourteenth century, is to be found above the gate of Beinosa. The beaulitul bniss lamp, which towaid the end of the sixteenth century still hung in the church of San Miguel in Aguilar. belonged originally to the synagogue there. It bears on its rim a Hebrew inscrijition. stating that it was made !)}• Samuel ben Pinhas Caro of Paredes. Many Spanish families have taken their name from this district. itiiti.KKiK.MMiv Samuel Ziirza. in MeJior ITawiini, reprinted In HIener'.s nl.otShilnt yrhuilah. p.' V.ti; Uiihtiit de la Heal Acaiiemia de la Historia. xxxvi. MO.
I
Tigraneis kini;
<if
.mieDia
M. K.
.Alexander, husband of Jotapa, king In rillcia
AGUILAR, ANTONIO
C. Julius Agrlpfia
rircfk Tiiscyiittitinn in tlir Hritiifli Mitscnm, i>17 PrttMi^i^p-aiiUui liniterii liimiatiL ed. H. Deslie, ST; Sihfirer, (ti^ih. I. 2. [mrt 4i>S; Monim.sen,
BIBI.IOC.RAPHY 111.
l.s".
187(1, Iv.
Younjiest son of Flaviu^i .loseplius. the lii'^liirian, by his second wife, a Jewe.ss of distiuguishiil taniily from the island of Crete; born about the ^ear S2.
Jiisi'phus. t'ifa, STii;
Friend and conteiiiponiry of De Barrios, and liy the latterinthe " Belacion de los Poetas." known for his translation into Spanish of the
works of Philo. The mauuscript of seems to be lost. liiiti.iocRAPiiv: Kayserling, Itrr. El. Juives. xviU, 2SS.
The depraved daughter of Ger-
maiiicus and wife of the emperor Claudius, who at times interested herself in the inlcriuil alfairs of Juden. Upon the pres.sing representations of Agrippa H., .slie succeeded in inducing the emperor to dismi.s.s the governor Cr.M.NUS for his oppre.s.sion of the Jews, and he was sent into exile (Josephus, "Ant." xx. 6. §3; Schlirer, "Gesch." 2<1 ed.. i. 47C; see Griitz. How far-reaching her "Ge.sch. d. Juden." iii. 7"2."i). influence was may be gleaned from the fact that of her imperial husband, is her name, with tjial frequently met with on I'alestiniau coins. i>(
the Jcim.pp.
AGUDAT AlflMi-rniled adopted by many
Brethren
IW
ct iscq.;
y.
BiBLinriR.riiv: Madden. fV/diii SihDn-r. (ItMli. 1. 4TH, note 111.
Bit.
"):
A
name
throughout tlie world, the members of which pledge themselves to brolherlv love, and to mutual as.sistance in time of .lew ish societies
need, fn the I'nited States the name of the birthplace of the majority of the ineinbers is addi-d to till- above designation, as: Agudat Ahim Aiishe AVilna. mc^aning " I'liited Brc'tlinn of the Men of ^Vilna." The object of most of tln'se societies is the allevialionof theimmediate neeessilicsof theirmembers. .Many of them have their own synagogues, where the members as.sembli- for worship on the Sabbath and festivals, or even week-days. Soineof Ihein al.so own burial places. . rabbi is engageil by some societies to liclureon Sabbathsor holidays. In (!alicia there is a society of this nanu'. the aim of w liich does not correspond with that of llu' above mentioned societies, its purpose being to dis.seininale culture among the Jews of (ialicia. It has alreaily accoinpli.she
I,-1S
p. 252,
and note V.
Sephardim.
this translation
33.);
M.
AGUILAR, DIEGO D' (or MOSES LOPEZ Maiaiio who tlourished in the PEREIRA)
coiupnn'81.
M. Br.
AGRIPPINA
F,v..
praised lie is
I5k.
AGKIPPA, SIMONIDES:
BiBLiOGR.riiY
D'
l'.«i,
M.
See Coiikn,
AGUILAR (AVELAR), DAVID UZZIEL
sau. II. In Hermes.
T>
eigliliriith I.onilon in
.
eeiitmy 17.")!t.
born jirobably in Spain; died at In 17-'2 he went from Lisbon to
London, and thence to Vienna. From 17"2.") to 1747 he held the tobacco monopoly in Austria, and had the
power to estaldish factories and regulate prices. Vhen in 1747 he besought the government to reurn to him a part of the money that he had deposited on ai <ount of the revenues, the empress .Maria The"This appears to me just. 1 owe him res;i replied much more; therefore, return it to him." Aguilar was a great favorite with the impress, who commissioned him to rebuild and enlarge the imperial palace at Schonbruini, and lie advanced ;1UO,000 florins for the work. In recognition of his services Maria Theresa created him a iiaron and privy <onncilor to the crown of the Netherlands an(l Italy. Aguilar. who together with his family enjoyed the greatest freedom of belief, was the founder of the Spanish or Turco-Jewish coinmiinily in Vienna, and succeeded t
obtaining many conce.s.sions for the relief of his oppressed coreligionists. As a result of his cITorls the Jews of Monivia were protected from pillage in 1742. and the intention of Maria Theresa to expel the Jews from the w hole of the Austrian empire, in 174Sor 174!l. was abandoned. He left Vienna suddcnlv in T4!l. beeause the Spanish goveriimiMit deHe went to London, where maiiili (1 hiscxlradilioii. he ha<l a brother, who, like himself, was reputed to be very wealthy (see Aoi II..VU, Eniii.MM Loi'KZ). Ilefore" leaving he ]ircsented the community which he had founded theic. as well as the Spanish-Jewish coinmunity of Temesvar, with beautiful silver in
1
crowns for the scrolls of the Law, upon which his name was inscribed. On the Day of Atonement a prayer is still said for the repose of his soul by the Turco Jewish community of Vienna, Hini.ioiiR.»rilv: Zcnilln-skv, /fixl..r(ii <(<• la romuniilail /»KKlil/i-Kx/xiii"! rii I'lV'i'i. Vienna, isss': Krankl. In .ll/j/. Wnlt. Ilcrrh. '/.ril. il. Juil. IX'A. p. <V«1 . ( .«..(,. llVi . ( « .(.; ilrrjiiilru In Hii-n,pp.ivs, •-VT ; WIUnui. It nmlfr^il (Vmiiif-
C
""*•"•*••
M, K.
