—
upon the waters began
to sink. Ahitliophel is said to liave defended his use of the name of (lod in this emergency by reference to the [iractisi' enjoined 1)V Scripture (Num. v. 28) to restore marital liarmony surely a matter of small importance, lie argued, compared with the threatened destruction of the
world (Suk.
'hill,
David's repeated malediction
li).
would lie hanged waslinaliy realized handed himself. Ahithophel's death was a great loss to Pavid; for his wisdom was so great that Scripture itself (II Sam. .vi. 2.'i) avoids calling him a man; in the passage quoted the Hebrew word for man, t,'"X. is omittcil in tlie text, being sujiplied only by the Masoiah. Indeed, liis wisdom bordered on that of the angels(Yer. Sanh. His learning in the Law .X. 2; Yalk. II Sam. S l-l-)was also extensive, so that David did not scruple to call him " master " (.bot. vi. 2; the two things w bieh David is there said to have learned from Ahitliophel are more closely described in "Kallali." Wm that Ahith<iphcl when the latter
N. Coronel). Ahithophersdispositioii, however, was a jealous one; and he always sought to wound David by mocking remarks (I'esik. ii. 1(W; ^lidr. Teh. iii. 'i, and parallel passages in Hulicr, note (JM). His devotion to he study of the Law was nut founded on worthy motives (,Sanh. UMi//). Ahitliophel was (ed.
I
thirty lliree yeai-s old whiii he ilicd (/.i). In his will he lelt warning to his children never to side against the royal Davidie family, and to take no iiart Ahitliophel is counted in their dissensions (Yer. /.<.). among those that have no share in the world to come (Sanh. xi. 1 15. IJ. 14~'M. L. G.
AHITHOPHEL LOOSBUCH: A book of fate di nialiiui and naiiied after AhithoJewish legends of the ^Middle Ages Aliilhophel plays a role somewhat similar to that of !Mepliisloplieli's(seeSteinscliiieidcr," PseudepigraphCassel wmild even isclie Literatur, ]). 8(1, note 2). translate " Aliitliopliel " as "the Hrotlier of the Evil One"; regarding ti>J'ti as an ancient formation of dinIxiltis. in support of which he cites the (iernianic tin ml and (itrtl-ti iifil (compare " .Misclilc Sindbad," p. 380. Berlin, IHSH). l. Jloses Isserles. again, relates having read in a "very old book," in which were contained
used
pliel.
ill
pii|iiilai'
ill
the philoso]iliiesand the ])ortrailsof various thinkers, that Socrates had received his wisrlom from Asaf the Ki.raliite and .Miithophel ("Torat lia Olah," i. xi.). In aecoidanee w itii the po|)ular view of Ahithoiihers character, as being at once diabi)lic and omniscient, in the Middle Ages the authorship of a cabalistic work,"Sefer Goralot" (Book of I^ots),was attributed According to its preface, it discloses the to him. "great secret of securing an answer without the drawing of lots or conipiitatioii, by iiidilTerently putting one's hand on a tablet eoiilaiiiiiig the iiiiiiibersdiie to The Imok fiirlberinoicissaid ninety,oreiglit y nine "
have lain liiddiii in .Vlexaiidiia, and afterward to have been used in Tiberias and elsewhere, "the usual legend concerning ])seiidepigrapliic writings," as to
Steinschneider puts nnii.I(ii;R.riiv
it.
Compare Lots, Books
OK.
Slcliiwiim'tcler. Ihlir. f'<f«iii. p. sTd.
H. O. E.
AHITUB:
Fath.r of Ahimehch. priest of Nob (I Sam. xxii. It-Ut). The name Aliitiib means, properly, "gond friend," "good brother": and is sigiiiticant in connection with the fact that the house 1.
the acting ]>rie>^l, Ahiiiielecli, at the ri^k of incurring King Aliitub was a son of Saul's displeasure (('/'/(/. HI). I'hinelias and an elder brother of Ichabod, of the hoiis*' of Eli, anil a dirc'ct descendant of Aaron (ihiil. xiv. 3). It is dciublful whether Ahilub was ever high priest, since that is nowhere ineutiuued; but
of Aliitub, Ihroiigli
was
Abin Ablwardt
THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA
293
friiiiillv to
David
—
his house xvas certainly of higli dignity so much so that Saul, king of Israel, had to reckon with it and it was a power in aiding David to secure the throne of the Hebrew nation, 2. Possibly the same as No. L He is referred to in 11 Sam. viii. 17 as the father of Zadok. a priest in the time of David. Aliitub is mentioned in several genealogical lists a.s the son of Amariah and the father of Zadok (I Chron. v.33,34; ibid, xviii. 16;
Ezra, 3.
vii. 2).
A
priest; descendant (in the seventh generation) of the preceding. He, also, had a son named
Zadok 4.
(I
A
Chron.
Nehemiah (I
v. 3», 30).
father of Meraiotli. In the time of he was " the ruler of the house of God "
priest;
Chron.
ix. 11. Neli. xi.
11).
5. Ancestor of Judith (Judith, v., "Acitho").
H. V. A. C. A. I).
viii.
1.
AHLAB A city which Ashcr
(Judgis, later
- !1).
i.
failed to conquer this is identical with the the sameasGischala (see T." p. 230). G. B. L.
Perhaps
Gush Halab. which
Neubauer. "G.
is
AHLWARDT, HERMANN: notorious
One of the most anti-Semitic agitators; born December Krieii, near Aiiklam, in the jiroviiice of Prussia. After having tilled various poteacher he was in l^yi apiiointed recHis inability to principal) in Berlin.
iif
21, lS41i, at
I'omerania,
sitions as a tor (.school manage his alTairs involved him in financial difliculties, from which he tried to extricate himself by the aid of moneylenders. lie was extricated from these and other dilliculties liy Jew ish friends and lawj-ers, and for a tiiiii' claimed to be a friend of the .lews.
In a letter dated January
2.").
published in
liSHo,
aus dem Vcrein ziir Abwelir dcs Antisemitismus," 1893, p. 192. he says; "Antisemitism is illogical; I have always condemned it, and shall continue to condemn religious intolerance until my last breath." As he did not find w it bin the ranks of the Conservative party that success which he had ' Jlittlieilungen
for. Ahlwardt joined the aiiti Semitic movement. ]mblishiiig such venomous panijihlets against the Jews as " Der Verzweifiiingskamiif der Arischen Volker mit den Juden." 1890; " Eid Lines Jiiden," 1S91; and "Jildische Taktik." 1892. These pamphlets did not rise abo vet he average ant Semitic literature; but an immense sensation was created by his two ]iamphlets, " Jiidentlinten." 1892. in which ho made the statement that Liidwig LoeweiV Company had furnished worthless guns to the army, and had been hired by the " Alliance Israelite rniverselle " to cheat the comniissary department in order to defeat Germany in her next struggle with France. Ahlwarilt's object was to demonstrate that the Jews posse.s.sed no patriotism; and the charges seemed the weightier since Ludwig Loewe, the founder of the tiriii in question, had been a member .Vlthough Clianccllor von Caprivi of the Heiehstag. declareil these charges to be unfoundeil. and the leaders of all parties in the Keiehstag ex]ires,sed their condemnation of the laities which destroyed the eonlideiice of the soldiers in their leaders, Alilwanit gained steadily in popularity. In sjiite of the protest of the Conservative party, he was nominateil as a'ri'presenlalivi' for the Heiehstag from the district of Kriedeberg-.Vrnswalde; and he was elected December 5, 1.1112, while still on trial for libel in a suit brought against him by Luilwig Lwwe & Company. Four <lays later .Milwardt was sentenced to five months' imiirisoiimeiil. Neither tiiis punishment nor BuKsoquent senfenres
hoped
i
for
libeling
popularity.
public ollicials sirmed to injure his His public U'clures on "Jewish (iuiis"
