Alcoholism
THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA
836 judge from the
many
timi' to time, it
was
Aldus Manutius
from book
(see Knyserling,Gesch. d. Juden in Portugal," p. 2). Similarly, the Jews on the island of Majorca received
divided into ten cliapters,
which
as a present from King Don Jaime of Aragon, the coni|Ueror of the island. several rt/iy '((;/«.«, which word is identical with (ikletut; al.so called iiliiiinlci/iui.s <k los
God, His attributes. His
•flllllilH.
with the educated. "Shebile Emunali
editions that appeared for centuries a favorite
" is
treat respectively of: (!) The existence of ininiateriality. unity, and imniulaliility, wliieli is not affected l)y prayer or
even by miracles
— iiilrodurin.ii
each case a cabalistic discussion of tlw namis of the Deity; (2) the creation of the world, which does not necessitate any cliaiiire in God or any plurality in His natun-; an explanation of the IJibiieal account bein^' >;iven, followed by a dissertation on the seven climates or zones of tiie earth as then conceived, the spheres, in
and the stars, the sun and moon and on meteoroloiry (li) human embryolo;;y and the generative fimctions; (4) human anatomy, pliysiol(.">) rules for health ami lonf; ojjy, and patliiiloi.'y life; (f!| the soul and its functions: (7) the exaltatheir eclijises,
tion of the soul, which, throuifh the fultilment of
—
the haw, becomes one with the Creator the chapter being devoletl chielly to an exjilauation of the ethical value of the Slosaic commanilments; (8)ex])laniitory notes on the truth of the Law and of oral tradition, elucidating some of the Ilaggadot on the same lines as Solomon ben Adret; {'>) reward and l)unislim(nt, ]iaradise and hell, iuunortality of the soul and its transmigration iji man; (lU) tlic redemption of Israel, the resurrection, and the world to come after resurrection a general resume of the
book, followed by a poem. [Steinschneider ("llebr. LTeber.s." jip. 9-27) lias shown Aldabi's " Sliebile Eniiinah " to be a compilation from various older sources, chielly from (Jerson b. Solomon of Aries' encyclopedic work. "Sha'ar haShamayim," of the thirteenlli century. From Gerson's work the chapter on the meniliersof the human bo<ly (§ 2, chap, iil.) is taken, and in part verbally. So are Aldabi's "Ten Questions on the Soul " (^ (i), interspersed with passages borrowed literally from Josepli ibii Zadilik and llillel b. Samuel, only a modilied form of the "'Ten Discussions on the Soul," which Gcrson himself adapted from a book on the soul, probably written by Ibn (Jabirol. Against the iharges of ]ilagiarism lai.seil in BriiH's ".lalirb." Hilil." 1^70, ii. l(jl>-liif<, see Steinschneider, "llebr. K.]
p. 90.
Steinschneider, Cat. IJihIL col. IfiDO; (irillz, BlBi.looRAriiv (leiirh.il.Juikn. .X»: Karpelcs tlenrli. li.Jllil. Lit. p.7M; Ilenliicul), ttmv ha-Sefariin^ p, aVi. Many extniris frmii the ShaiUc Kinuuah iimy be found fn Kittiftiiunn. ItU- Slant', aee Index.
niiii.iocR.tPiiv : For the partition of Majorca (not exact In De Ins Klos. fti»titria de lo8 Jud'mtt en Ei<iffiil<i, I. IJHtl), Cnlh'cioti lie DiicumeiitiiK IiiiditiKi de Arafjim, lS.Vi, Ix. 14, IS, ai rt seq.
M. K.
ALDERMEN. Sec Mt>icip.i, Officers. ALDROPHE, ALFRED - PHILIBERT Flench
A
burn in Paris. F.lpruary 7, 1834. He atUnded the Xatioual School of Design and was a favorite pupil of Bellange, His first position was in the employ of the Eastern Uailroad of France, but he also took an active part in the organization of arrliiti-(i
the two Fieneli international exhibitions of IS.j") and Anioiig other distinctions he was appointed 1807. one of the juilgeson the comiuitlee of awards at the London Exhibition of 1802, and was created an officer of the Legion of Honor in 1867. In 1871 he became the ollicial architect of the eleventh arrondissement of Paris. When the new synagogue in the Kiie de la Victoire was projected. Aldrophe was selected as architect, as also for that at Versailles. He is the designer of the Thiers and Isidore monuments in the cemetery of Pt-re-la-Chaisc, and the architect of numerous private residences in the French capital, including that of Baron Gustave de Rothschild on the Avenue de Marignan. S.
ALDUBI (ALBUBI,
Alrabbi ), Talmndic .scholar
also possibly
ABRAHAM BEN ISMAIL
and
aiilliiii'. lin tluiirishiil in Spain in the first half of the fourteenth century. He was a Jiiipil of Solomon ben Adret and the teacher of Jeroham ben Meshullam. He wrote many novella" and responsa, which, however, are known only from the numerous ((notations contained in the works of his pupil Jeroham. His chief work appears to have been "Seder Abodat Yom ha-Kippurim " (The Order of the Service on the Day of Atonement), an epitome of which
was published
Haw wall."
in
Some
Jerohams "Toledot Adam wauovellie and a commentary ou
liaba Hatra are mentioned in cisions,
No.
Moses Alashkar's
de-
39.
.1.
L. S.
BiBLiocRAPUV
Michael,
.">».
M.
ALDUS MANUTIUS at liassiano in 1441)
ALDEAS DE LOS JUDIOS i.lewish
Or hn-IIainilm, No.
Italian publisher;
I?.
born
or 14"iO: died at Venice. Feb.
ti,
the Alfaipiin family, an unnamed rabbi, Don JoPaterna seph of Lisbon, anil upon many others. was known for a long time as Aldea de los Judios (J. Aniailor de los IJios, "Hist, de los Judios." i.
Aldus sludicd the Ijitin classics at Koine underthedirection of Caspar of Verona and Domi/.io Galderino, and afterward attended the lectures on Greek literature of Guarini at Ferrara. He became With tutor to one of the children of Prince Carpi. the assistance of Carpi's inlluential family. Aldus was enabled to ixiciile the project, long cherished by him. of islablishiiig a printing house; and he be gall, ill 1494, with the publication of Latin and Greek works, to which he i>reti.ed learned intrcHliictions of his own. Besides his Latin and Greek studies, Aldus cultiIn I'lOl he published, as an addivated Hebrew. tion to his (ireek and Latin manuals, aiiabridired Hebrew grammar under the Ijilin title " Introdiiclio per Brevis ad Liiiguam Hibniieam." or. under an-
According to the aeeoiiiils of Gedaliali ibn Yahyah, Don Yahyah ibn Yaisli, the piogenitor of the Portuguese Jewish family Ibn Yahyah, re ceived as presents from the king of Porliipil. wiio liighly esteemed him, .s<'veral iililiii». such as I'riala
title. " Introdneiio llili.s.sima Hebniiie Discere ('npiintibus " In the preface he Aays that he had studied the Hibrew from the " Doelriiiale Ale.xaniiri de Villa Dei." a work wrillen in b.irbanms verse in 1210, which was in vogue in the thirteenth.
The name and
villages): given to the villages ./iialfaraclie. Aziial-
cazar,
especially Paterna, situated in the neigh-
b<irliood of Seville, presented by Alfonso X. (The Wise) of Castile, while still infante after the conquest of Seville (1248), to those Jews who had taken
an active part
who
in
the battles against the Moors, or
any other way bad rendered lussistance to Other valuable gifts, such as fields, the coiKpicidr. oliveiind lig orchards, elc., were bestowed upon the nliiioj-itiifci (tax fanners), Don Zag (l.siuic) and his sons, Don Mosis and Don Abraham, upon sevend of in
S'i) it nil/.).
I.'il.'),
oilier
