AIjMTJG.
Sic Ai.diM.
ALNAHARWANAI Hebrew
sclicilur
Neliardea.
111'
periixl;
fraoiiic
llif
author of
Ih^ is Ilic
JOSE: A
("NJNnnjijN),
pnibalily
of
ariiiieil alplialx'tkal
Hebrew on the Jewish calendar, printed "Kerein Hemed," part ix. This poem is interesting for the light it throws on the history of the Jewisli calendar as well as on the history of neoHctreiitisc in
in
brew
Alms
THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA
487
poetrj'.
BlBLiOGRAPMY: fildie,
tj
a,
Stelnsctinclder, In Erseh and c;nit)er, Kncuclo; llarkavy, Zilihuron ki-ItMonim, v. 115-
xxxl. 104
18.
M. K.
ALNAKIF, ISAAC BEN JOSEPH:
Liturgical poet of the thirteenth century (in Spain?), who composed a sulut (liturgical poem between the Sherna' and 'Amidah) for the Passover service (sec Zun/. • Liter-aturgesch." p ")04; "Jew. Quart. Rev."
W. M.
xi. :!loi
ALNAQUA Jews, the
lirst
An important family of Spanish mention of whom occurs late in the
twelfth century.
Hebrew
In
the
name
is
written
It is the same as nitpjX or NTiNpjX, nipj or nipN^i'N. though Sieinschncider seems lo be of a dill'ercnt opinion. In modern works the name appears as Alnaqua, Alnecpia (Zeduer), Ahineaw (Kayserling), and Ankoa. Originally from the Iberian peninsula, inendHTSof the family sprejid to northern Atricaand Turki'V, where by marriage they became related; to the Duransand lienvonistes. The lirst two of whom mention is made are .Judah and Sanuiel. who fell victims to court slanders in Toledo about tlu' year I'iOi). The three brothers, Abraham, Joseph, and Solomon, who lived in the fourteenth century, came each to an untimely end: the first was assassinated (1341); the other two were cut off liy the plague a few years later. In the lifteenth century the .lnaquas settled in northern Africa, wdicre they became the leaders of the communities. From Znnz's notes the following genealogical tree may be traced:
which place he died in 1443. According to a legend, Alnaqua escaped from the Spanish Inquisition, which had martyred his father and mother at the stake, and came to Africa mounted on a lion, using a serpent as a halter. Azulai refers to him as a miracle-worker.
succeeded, after all other curing the only daughter of a king of the family Beni Zion. Refusing the reward of gold and silver oirered him by the king, he begged only that the Jews living near Tlem<;en might be luuted in it. In this way the eonuuunily was formed. Aluaqua's first care was to establish a large synagogue: this is still in existence, and bears his name. Above the rabbi's chair, on which the verse Jer. xvii. 12 is engraved, a lamp burns perpetually. Alnaqua's grave, surrounded by those of his family, is in the old cemetery: it is saeied to North African Jews, and is frequently visitctl by pilgrims from all Algeria.
Samuel
Solomon
Joseph
Aliratiani, d. 1341 I
i:£V>
Samuel,
failed, in
,
AInaquahadtwosons, Israel and Judah. The latter lived at Oran, Mostaganem, and, later, at Tlem<;en, and became the father-in-law of Zemah Duran. AllUKiua wrote for his elder son Israel "Sha'ar Kebod Adonai " (Entrance to the Glory of God), containing answers lo the criticisms of Nahmanides on the •' -Moreh " of Maimonides. Manuscripts of this work exist in the Bodleian Library, Oxford. He wrote, also,
some
religious
hymns.
Bibliography Azulal, Ahrm ha-Gedolim. s.v.: Benjacob, Ozar ha-Scfarim, p. Neubaiier, Cat. Uodl. Hebr. MSS. Nos. a», 2 law, 3 lirrue Afrkaine. 1870, pp. 377-383 Zunz,
.">9!l ;
Z. G. p. 435; Idem, Lilcraturgegch. p. 524. s.
Israel ben Joseph Alnaqua: Ethical writer and martyr; lived in Toledo, Spain; died at the slake, together with Judah ben Asher. in the summer of the year l;i91. He is the author of an eth-
work
in twenty chapters, entitled "Menonit ha(CaniUestick). The work commences with a long poem, an acrostic on the author's name. Then follows a preface in rimed prose. The introduction to each chapter is headed by a poem, giving the acrostic of his name, Israel. It was printed in l.iTS. manuscript of it is in the Bodleian. An abridgment of it was published at Cracow, l."(9:l, under the title "Menorat Zahah Kullah" (Candlestick Wholly of Gold). It is divided into fiv(^ s<^ctions, which contain observatitms (1) on laws in general; (2) on education; (3) on commerce; (4) on the behavior of litigants and judges in court; (.">) on conduct toward one's fellow men. This is supplemented by a treaical
-Maor
"
A
Judah
Eptirolm, d.
Alnaijua
had
])hy.sicians
i
?
Aloes
d. I:i44
or
Israel,
i:!4o
il.
n2' in'7S nDL". consisting of Talmudic and midrashic sjiyingsaud maxims, which has been published in German (Hebrew characters) in Wagenscil's Be-
1.101
tise,
I
Ephralm.
d. 1442
Ichrung der Jlld.-Deutschen Red- und Schreibart," Kiinigsberg, 1C99. Israel
Judata
Epiinilm about Uils
[Daughter]
m. ^'ma|) Duran
In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries the Alnacpias are to be found in Turkey, prominent as scholars and pbilanlliropisls. In the nini'teeiilh century .Vlmdiam bm .Mnrdeeai Ankawa was a Ilalakist of .some renown in ..Morocco (Steiuschneider, " Hebr. liibl."
i.
118),
Bini.ioGRAPiiv: Ziinz, Z. fl. p. iXi; Benjacob, Ofar haSefarim. p. 337. No. Ulitl: Sleinsilinelder, Cat. Bodl. No. 5447; S. Scbccliter, ilmiatKiiclirift, xxxlv. 114, 234.
M. B.
Yom-Tob Alnaqua:
Talmudist and aulhor; lived al Saloniea in llic eightcenlh cenlury; aulhor of 31D DV nn'^C containing, (1) Responsa on the fourTurim; (2) novella' on various Talmudic treatises; (3)observalionson the lauguageof Maimonides and of the Tiirim and (4) liomilies (Saloniea, 1788).
Uint.iodinriiv: Zunz, Z. ^7. pp. 4.'l.'>-4;iil Solomon Ihn Vcnra, Shetn( )'( /Mi<f/i/), (Hi. WteniT. p. -*7 KaysiTlInu, ,NVj(/i(nvf jrri, steln.s<linilil<T, Jfw. Quart. U,i: x. l:c.', xl. :ili). p. lU
BlBLlOGKAPiiv
Benjacob. Ofar haSefarim.,
p. 5«5.
J.
ALNUCA'WI, EPHRAIM.
M. n.-(i.
Ephraim ben Israel Alnaqua (Alnucawi, Ankava, Ankoa; called Kab in Africa): Physician, ralibi,
and
theoloijical wriler;
Jewish community
at
Tlemc;en,
founder of the
North
.Vfrica,
in
Ei'Mi:
See
S.
R.
Ai.n.<}1'.,
MM
ALOES limes in y, Prov.
tli<-
vii
Translation of D'")nK. occurring four Testament (Num. xxiv. (1. Ps. xlv. 17. Canl. iv. 14). and of iP.iif/ in the New
(
Mil
