THE JEWISH EXCYCLOPEDIA
479
u-RePnah " (Go Out and See), the well-known translation of pmvers into .Tiidiro-Gcnnan (Prairuc. Ui".J9; StiMnschni-iircr. "Cat. Hodl." cols.
- is!), :Ml-2. iiillii).
23. Naphtali (Hirsch) b. Asher Altschul Talmudic scholar; lived in Kussiaaiid Poland principally at Lublin. Jliczdyrzei, and .liloniir toward the end of the sixteenth and at the beginning of the seventeenth century. He seems to have traveled extensively, and in 1007 was at Constantinople, In the preface to his conunentary. he mentions Bendit hen Joseph Achselrad, the author of "'AlKxlat haL<'wi." and Xahnian. a learned relative of his. Naphtali was the author of two works, one of which was a commentary on the Prophets and the
—
This he called,
Hagiograijha.
own name.
—
in reference to his
"
Ayyalah Sheluhah " (A Swift Deer; see Gen. xlix. 21). and supplein<nted it by a JudseoGcrman rrlossary: it was published, with the text of the Biiile. at Cracow, l.j!»3-(t5. The other. " Imre Shefcr" (Beautiful Words), was nn alphabetically arranged cataloirue of all matters that preachers and rabbis Avere at all likely to discus.s in their .sermons. with indications as to the various ways in which each topic might be treated (Lublin. I(i02). A rabbinical decision of Xaphtali's is found in the responsjiof Meir Lublin (Xo. ,j9'?; Steinschneider."Cat.
Bodl."
cols.
r,n.
"Jfid. Lit,"
2(l-,'l; i't.in.
ji.
4.-i4).
24. Naphtali (Hirsch) ben Tobiah Altschul: Editor and printer at Crac(]W toward the end of the sixteenth century, where he .seems to have .settled, after having resided at Lidilin. He was popularly known as "Hirsch the editor"; and to him are due an edition of Josejih Caro's "Shulhan 'Anik " (Cracow. I.j93-94)and the publication of the Psidms in liturgical order (Cracow. l.")98; Steinscbiiildcr. "C;it. Bodl." cols.
."..").
II Si, Dilll).
25. Raphael ben Mordecai (Gumpel) Altschul: Printer; emplnyid. willi his brother HayyinuN'o. 12). probably at Amsterdam from l(!91-17i32 (Sleinschneider. "Cat. Bodl." cols,
26. Samuel Altschuler born
id'
of that city.
He
issd.
Lawyer and
politician;
removed
was educated
to Aurora, 111,, twoyearsafterand in the public schools and high school Altschuler was admitted to the bar in
is atliliated
Alva
times been transcribed from
with the Democratic party,
was a candidate for Congress in the Eighth hut was defeated, although he ran ahead of
its
Hebrew
BinLlOGRAPMY:
Steln-sehnelder, Cat. Morljira. Imliri- ,l//<//*(tiVf». p. 3.
Bodl.
In 1893 Governor Altgeld appointed him a member of the Court of Claims, lie was elected to the legislature in 1890 and again in IS'JH. As leader of the minority he rosi- to prominence by defeating two obnoxiously corrupt bills. In 19tM» he was an unsuccessful candiilale for the post of governor of the state of Illinois, although lie receivi^d 3,400 more votes than the Democratic presidential candidate,
27. Simon b. Ascher (Anschel) Herzel Altschul 'rim IT and I prvcitir iiMlji- cmplny of the sons (rf ,Iainb Bok at Pratrin- in Hl'.Mt (sii- Nd", 22). 28. Simon ben Judah Loeb Altschul: Communal notary (kh/i r Int ilinjut Prague in theopening
I
years of the eiL'hleenth "Cat. Boill," col. :io49),
20. Solomon ben Joshua Altschul: Writer; of (icniian origin, perhaps from Prague; lived in Italy about the middle of the$i.-
Iccnih century. He edited Ihi' " Megillat Sefer." a work on rhetoric by an nnknciwn author, which is b.ised on parts of the " I'oilic .rt " attributed to David ben Solomon ibn Yahya (Viiuee: D. .del kind. ir>.")2). Owing to the fact thai .Solomon had established himself in Italy, his name has some-
570,
2284;
—
BiBI.IOfiRAPnv: Stelnschnelder, Cat. Bodl.
cols. 144. 154. 1272,
Nepl-lihirnndi. Tiilerliit Ocdnlc Yi»racl, p. IfSi, where the lUilliDr's name Is Hrrnni'<nisly ^ven as .lt-Schuld: Furst, liUil. Jud, I, 44. where the aiithrT is called .lehlel Michael, and is regarded as distinet fr tiiat ef Jehiel lllllel: .zulal, .s'/iim li<i-(!iduli , 11. IS; Uenjaeulj. (izdr /e!-.s'. /(in/;i. p. .si. iiiKl
31. (Zeeb) Wolf ben (Dob) Baer Altschul: Russian rabbi of the second half of the eighteenth century. He was the author of " Zebed Tob " (The Good Dowry; see Gen. xxx. 20). a work on the third Temple of Ezekiel. The title is intended a-s a pun on the author's name Zeeb (Shklov. 1794); another edition was jiublished by his son Eliakim(Xo. 9); seeFi'irst. " Bibl. Jud. i. 44; Benjacob, "OzarhaScfarim," p. 1."). '
Bnil.IooRAPnv
For the entin' ,^lt.sohul family. S. Hock. Die Fiimitirn /*rrt(/',«. under .-t/t,*!-/!!*/ and Pirh^; Joseph Kobn, Hn-(liirni, 1. 211 ft .vn;,; Sleinschneider, Cat. Btidl. cols. HI 3, 914: Michael, Or ha-llayulm. So. 4SX), Zunz, Z. G. pp.
In
2tl«,
289.
H,
ALTTPKA
B.— V. >!.— A.
P.
Village on the southern shores of the Crimea. Russia; mentioned in the letter of Joseph, king of the Chazars. to Hasdai ibn-Shaprut about 900) as one of the cities tributary to the Chazars.
BIBLIOGRAPHY: Ycvrciskaya
.K.
Harknvy, S'iohshchenltia o Chazaraliti, In
Bilil. vll. IBO.
H. R.
ALUSHTA
Village on the southeastern .shore of llic (,'riiMia. in the district of Yalta. Russia. Some ruins exist of the fort -Vluston built there by Emperor Justinian in the sixth century. L'nder the name of Alussthe place is mentioned in the letter of Joseph, king of the Chazars. to Hasdai ibn-Shaprut (about 900) as one of the cities tributary to the Chazars, In the Middle Ages it was in the possession of the Genoese, and was known by the names of Lusta. Austa, and Alusta. There are now only a few Jews in the village; and these are employed in the neighboring vineyards.
BiBi.iofiRAPiiY: A. Harkavy, .*xilw/if)ifH(!/nidoubtedly
cols.
30. Yehiel ( Jehiel) Hillelben DavidAltschuI: Uabbi at Jaworow (Galicia) toward the nii<ldle of the seventeenth century. He completeil the commentary on the Prophets and the Ilagiographa which his father (Xo. G) had begun, dividing it into two parts: (1) ".Mezudat Ziou " (The Fortress of Zion), a lexicological glossary-; and (2) "Mezudat David" (The Fortressof David), a commentary on the Biblical text (in part: Leghorn, 17.53. 1770; Berlin, 1770; numerous editions also appeared throughout the first half of the nineteenth century at Slavuta. Wilna, Lcmberg, .losefov, etc), .lehiel was the author of "Binyan ha-Bayit" (The Building of the House), a work on the Temple of Ezekiel and the visions pertaining to it (Zolkiev, 1774; Leghorn, 1781).
in 1H92
District, his ticket.
letters as
".AIto.sol."
- !77. 2»i;i).
(iernian-Jewish parentage in Chicago. Xov.
2il. ls.')9;
and
Altscbul
ALVA
ALBA. DUKE OF
Fernando Alvarez de Toledo: born, l.")OH; died at Thomar, Portugid. 1582. A famous Spani.sh genend who fought in the various campaigns of the Emperor Cliarles V. and of Philip 11. .Vfter winning several th-cisive battle's, he was sent as governor to the Xelherlands in
1,'")07
to
or
suppress a revolt against Spanish tyranny,
and became the most cruel and rigorous supporter of He established, and i>icsided over, the In((uisition, the Council of Bloo«l. the victims of which doubtless
