liumble.
As Mrmtcfiore
well says:
"The 'Am
ha-
Arcz was prububly the creation of the burtlensome Si ill it is liardly corrcrt ai^ninaii and purity la«s. " to siy that "aftfr the (Icstructioii of the Ti-iiijiU' the 'Am ha-ArfZ .slowly disappeared." Nor is it more
mere eoiijeeture of llaniburgc'r that during the war of IJarKokba the 'Am ha-Are/, furnished the informers and traitors. the elose of I{. Judah at Iliaii
the second century still points to the gulf sejiarating the 'Am ha-Arcz from the learned. an<i Judah haNasi refuses him a share of the conunvmal charity, probably because his disci]iles reiiuireil it all for their own support (15. 15. Mk). Now and then hatred gives way to love, as in the following: "A man should not say. 'Love the pupils of the wise but hate the 'Am iia-Arez '; but one should love all and hate only the lieretics. the apostates, and informers, following David, who says: 'Those that hate Thee, < ) Lord.'l hate " (Ps. e.xxxix. 21 Ah, K. N. ed. Seheehtcr, x vi. 04). Again, " he who teaches the son of an 'Am ha-Arez the Law, for him the Lord will '
annul every misfortune decreed upon him
(15.
added two separate collections of opinions and comments on criminal law, the first dealing with the Jiayment of indenmitics, the second with the laws concerning the sale, loss, and robbery of pro])erty. The thri-e paits aiijieared together, under the title "Halakah le-Mosheh " (The Decision of Aloses), Salonica, 17.")(). To a collection of his rcsponsa whi<-h he had previouslv |)ul)lished he gave the title, "Debar Jlosheh " (The Word of JIoscs), Salonica, :74'2-")0. IlMii.KKiiuPMV: Kih-sl.
No.
Beiijacol).
Oznr hii-Scfarim.
pp.
102,
1;JS;
ItihI.Jud.i.H; Wieaiir, Bibtiothcca Fricdlamiiana,
a W),
p. sii.
W. M.
AMARILLO, SAMtTEL
Collector of royal laxesat Tudela, Navarre, from 13H0tol391, particularly of the duties iiaid by the Jews and the Moors of the town on real estate sold to Christians. At the court of Navarre he superintended the purchasing of clothing, spices, horses, etc. inHi.ioiiiiAiMiv
Jacobs, Sfnirces, No.
14.59.
51.
M.
K.
AMARILLO, SOLOMON BEN JOSEPH:
Bliii.ioiiRAPIIV : Geicer, Vrxchrift, p. 1'>1 : H!inil>nrir(T. R. B. TAi.H-Mi; Rosentlial, Virr Aporrnjihi^cfn- liUrlh r awi ilcr Zeit unit .S'(/m(( H. Akilia'x. I.-W."!. pp. :i'i :.1i; liucher. Afi.
Tun.y Index
'Am ha-Arezi
Montell'.'re, llil'i'trt X.cttarf., 3d eil., li. 400.
1892, pp. 4ir7-o02; Scbarer, Gesch.,
K.
AMARIAH: prophi
1. The great grandfather of the Zcpliuniah (Zepli. i.) 2. The son of Aza-
1
who was high
priestin Solomon's temple (I Chron. v. 37). According to Ezra. vii. 3. he was an ancestor of his. In I Es(l. viii. 'J, and II Esd. 1. 2, he is called Aniarias. 3. The great -great -grandfather of Azariah (I Chron, vi. 7, 5'.3). 4. Oneof the signatories to the covenant under Nehcmiah (Neh. x. 3). 5. A Judahile ancestor of Athaiah living in Jerusalem in the lime of Xehemiah(Xeh. xi. 4). 6. A priest who returned from the capliity with Zerubbabel (N<'h. xii. 7. A son of Hebron and grandson 13). of Kohath the Levite (I Chron. xxiii. 1!», xxiv. '23). 8. A prii'st who was put in charge of religicnis affairs in .ludah by .Tehoshaphat (II Chron. xix. 11). 9. A Levite appointed by Hezckiah as a.ssistant to Kore, who was stationefl at the east gate of the Temple, and had charge of the free-will otferings to (did (H Chron. xxxi. 1")). 10. A man of the .sons of Hani who had taken a foreign wife (ICzra, x. 4'2). '.i,
<l
li.
AMARILLO, AARON BEN SOLOMON:
.V
,•
Tal-
I
AMABILLO, ABRAHAM:
K.ilibi at Salonica about the beginning of the nineteenth century. His sermons on the Pentateuch were pnblisheil under the title. " Sefer Merit .braham " (The Covenant of .braliam). Salonica, IMO'i (see Zedner, " Cat. Helir. Hooks Hrit, Mus " ,..'. W, M, I.
AMARILLO (gAYYIM), MOSES BEN
SOLOMON:
liabbi at Salonica
during the
tirst
half
century. He eililed, and often annolaled. the works of his father. Solomon .m.iMi.i i>. and is thi'uutliorof a collection of novella' on legal (|ncstions treated of by .Maimonides. To this III.
I
i;.'liteenth
at .Salonica. wijn died in I7'.i'2. Auiarillo was the father-in-law of Solomon Abdallah and an intimate friend of the learned rabbi Jose|)h Cobo. Amarillo wrote a number of works, all of which were published during his lifetime by his son Jloses. The latter tirst collected his father's sermons, ethical and theological in ch:iracter, under the title, " Pene Shelonioh " (The Face of Solomon), Salonica. 1717. Next he edited, with numerous annotations and a preface, Amarillo's rcsponsa, nearly all of them critical discussions on parts of the "Shulhan 'Andv." The work was called " Kereni Shclonioh " (The Vineyard of Solomon), and was published at Salonica in 1710. The
Rabbi
"
Shulhan 'Aruk " seems to have been Amarillo's theme of discussion: for in X'i'i'i there ap-
favorite
IK'ared another volume, similar to the " Iverein Slielomoh " anil intended as a sequel to it, "'Olelot haKercm " {Gleanings in the Vineyard). This also was edited and iiublished at Salonica by Moses, together
with the analogous work by Ilayyim Shabbethai, "Torat llayyini " (Law of Life). Buu.ioiiiiAiMlv Steinsrhnelder. Cat. Bi'dl. cols. SB, 228.'! Benlaeoli. n^tir ha-Sifttrini. pp. :^4", 4:(i. 4.S7; Azulal. Shem litt-Utii'tUm, I. liU,'il. UiW>; tYttnco, Hiittoirc dot Jui/h da}is I'Emiiirr (Mtimmii. p. VM.
W. M.
AMARKOL (^aiDX:
L.
niudie author of the eighteenth centuiv. He was a descendant of the Amarillos, a family of scholars that gave several great rabbis to Turkey. Like his father, Solomon, and brother, Moses, both authors of several ralibitne:d works, he was active asa writer, and ))ul)lished in IT'.Hi Ids collection of rcs]i(ins;i under the title " I'ene .haron." It is arranged after the order of the "Tnr," and throws light on nianv subjects in the Held of Jewish lore. (Sec Zedner,"" Cat. Hcbr. Hooks 11, i! |us • L. G.
ot
Aiuarkol
are
85(0.
riah.
Aman
THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA
485
.Vrniciiiaii. //.(//(((/((/(/;
from the Persian.
= master of
nHi(/;'/'('r;
linance):
A
title
applied to" a Temple trustee superintending the cashiers" (Jastrow, "Diet.": see Shek. v. 2). Whili^ the three or, according to Raraita, Tamiil, '2~ii. thirteen cashiers (r/iz/uin'm) handled all the money that flowed into the Temple treasury, "the iiiiiinknlim, seven in numlier, luld the seven ki'ys to the seven gates of the Temple hall ynzdrali], noneopcning his gate before all the others had a.ssembled " (Tosef., Above the seven Shek. ii. ii. and Ycr. ib. v. 49(#). ainarkolim wen^ two eatholici. and these again were under the supervision of the high iiricst (Ver. Shelj.
—
—
V. l.r.).
Abba Saul wn Hatnit, in his bitter attack against the priestly house of Ishmael ben Phabi, says: "They themselves arc high [iriesls. and their sons gi/.barim, and their sonsin law ainarkolim " (Tos, Men. xiii. In Targ. Yer. to Num. iii. 3'2, and 'i. Pes. .'>7</). Num. P. iii.. Elcazar, the son of Aaron, "the chief over the chiefs of thi' Levitcs," is given thi' title of Eliakim, th<> son of Ililkiah, as keeper of .'Vmarkol. the kevs of the Tiiupli' is also calhd .Vmarkol. in Targ. Isji. xxii. '23, and .leniuiah ben Ililkiah is represented as a descendant t>f the anairkolim, who had
