THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA
509
Tli<nims Tryon. who l)iiilt several The l)enches are curved and so arranged Ihatevery seat directly faeestlie Ark, which is on li platform in a semi<irciiUir apseor recess. The reailing-desk is in front of the Ark and the pulpit The surface is direct ly in front of llie reading-d<sk. behind tlie Ark isciivere<l with mosaic; and above the Ark are eiglit niarlile columns sipp()rting a halfdome and screening the organ and the choir. The ceiling of the building is vaulted. an<l is supported by arches springing from four colunms. There are galleries on three sides, and double galleries at the west end. The building is designed in the Konianesque style, with round arches and elaborate detail
W. Bninncr and of
till-
newer synagogues.
America
Philadelphia, not only does the body of the building lack the expression of the old synagogue, but even the Ark itself has been modernized. The Temple at
Stem Mausoleum, Cypress (From
Hills,
N. Y.
photOBTftph-)
ft
and is open to the same criticism danger that this fault in synagogue-building may become more pronounced as new examples multiply. This serious and unnecessary architectural
Cleveland, Ohio, there
is
deflect is greatly to
bedeplorcd, especially in the two to, which are in other respects
synagogues referred
beaitiful structures. The iiresent building of the congregation Shearith York c^ity, erected in 1897, is an inIsrael in stance of an imjiortant modern synagogue in which the orthodox arrangement of seats, pulpit, etc., has
New
been retained. The plan is practically that of the original building in Mill street, so far as the position of the Ark, reading-de.sk, galleries, and seats are c(jneerned: but theinaterials employed are costly.
The
exterior
is
entirely of stone; and" in the interior
marble and bronze are lavishly used. Classic ti-aditions have been respected throughout in the design,
Temple Keneselh
Israel, Phlladelpliiu.— /fcimfdnancc
(From
ft
pholOKTii|>li.>
in marble and mosaic. The exterior of limestone and its main feature is a dome covered with gilded tnicery. The desire for ail un<ibstrurted view of the pulpit and the Ark. that suggested the use of only four colunms in lhc> TempU- IJeth Kl, has resulted in the plamiing of l)uildings wholly without columns, the Other roof being supported entirely by the walls. I)ractical reasons in synagogue architecture have chairs as in suggested theiiseand arniiigcnient of tlieali'rs; and light, |)erfect acoustics, ventilation, and comfort have been so assiduously sought after, that in the disire to secure a )iirfect audilorium in these respects the arlislic Irment has frecpienlly been forgotten, and the devotional ens<>mble, so important In in a place of worship, has iM'cn entirely sacriliced. some cases, as in the Kcne.selh Isniel synagogue at
work, execute<l is
i
SellKman Mausoleum, lypirss HIUs N. V. (From
ft
photofTftph.)
in the interior as well as on flic fa(;ades the Corinthian order has been adopted. The synagogue in the thriving colony at AVoodbine, N. .1., is iif interest, as having iH'cn built by members of the colony, who did their own work, even to the extent of n'laking their own bricks. Ii
and
