spcciinriis of R. Ammi'sfXiii. 41, "Let us lift our hands unto Goil in the
AMMIHTJB.
Following are some
Commenting on Lam.
cgetics:
up our heart with heavens," he observes, "No man's prayer is heard of heaven, unle.ss he earry his soul in the hands which he rai-ses in jirayiT. " "The prayer for rain is granted only for tlie sake of the men of faith." In support of this remark, Aninii, by means of an exC'getical substitution of synonymous Ileljrew words, quotes the verse (Ps. Ix.x.xv. 11), "When Faith springeth forth from the earth. IJenefieence looketh down from heaven " (Ta'anit, H'(). 1" Moses' designation of Israelas"aslin-neeked people" (Ex. xxxiv. 9). Ammi s<'es not so mueh a reproach as a praise of its lirnuiess in religion, even in the face of persecution: "The Jew woidd either live as a Jew or die on the cross" (Ex. H. xlii.). According to H. Anmn, death is the eonsecpienee of sin. and sulTering the penalty of wrongdoing; the first observation he derives from the Scriptural saying (Hzek. xviii. 4)," The soul that sinnetli, it shall <lie"; lh<' second from Ps. Ixxxix. i'.i. "I will visit their transgressions with the rod (of chastisement), and theiriuiquity with stripes" (Shab. .>.)'(. Eccl. H. on v. 4). Bnu.iiioRAPnv: Gratz, (ieKch. d. Juden. 'M eel.. Iv. ™«t :inT; Kniiiki-I, Milin. p. I%ia Weiss, Dur, Ul. UB Baelier, An- Pal.
g
AMMIANXJS MAKCELLINUS
y^
Roman
bis torian. horn at AntiiK li. Syria, about :i','il; dieilaliout 39.5, He wrote a history of Home, from Nerva to Valens. in which the Jews are mentionid in Books XIV. ch. viii. XXII. eh. V. XXIII. ch. i. XXIV. ch. iv. It is interesting to note that from the passjige xxii. '), S;^ 4. ."). the legend of the " f<etor judai:
" or evil smell of the .lews which was so widely believed in during the Middle Ag<'s, took its origin, Heinach docs not share the view of Joel ("Blicke in die IJeligion.sgeschichte," ii. Kil) and Loeb ("Hev. fit. Juives," XX. 53) that the word "fo'tentium" is a mistake of a copyist for "petentium." In xxiii. 1, jis; 2. 3. we have the only pagan account of the misuccessfid attempt of the Jews under the cmjieror Julian to rebuild the Temjile; all the other authorities biini: church fathers (.M. Adhf, in "Jew. Quart.
ous
V. (ilT).
Bini.KicRAPiiv:
Tt). //enii.« III liilifs loi
Ilelnaih. Terlrs il' Antrurn GircKi-t linJwlil^mic, pp. Kl-^Vi, Purls, ISfli). II.
K.— O.
AMMIELi" Kl is My Kinsman." or "My Kinsman is
(tod ";
persons
compare Em.m): A iiatneof the following the Old Testament: 1. A Danitc (Num. 2. Father of Macliir, of Lodebar (II Sam.
in
xiii. 12).
3. Father of David's wife. ix. 4 rl »'/.. -xvii. 27). IJalhsheba (" liathshua ") (I Cliron. iii. ."); compare
Chron. xvi. 4. . <loorkceper 11 Sam, xi. lit. For the meaning of the element Aninii, compare names Abi-el, [AJhi-cI, Eliam/Ammi-baiil aiul see C. C. T. 'Amm. .mmi. AMMIHTTD 1. Falherof Elishama.the chiif of (
,")).
I
second year after tile ivxodus (Num. i. 10, ii. IH); appears also in the gen<alogical list of Epiiraim (I Chron. vii. 2li). 2. Father of Shemuel. Ephraiiii in
llie
who was
to repri'seiit th<' tribe of Simeon in the division of the lanil and assist FJea^ar anil Joshua in 3. Father of I'edahel, the work (Num. xxxiv. 2(1).
the repres<nlative of Napbtali undir the same irnimstances as till' father of .slieniuil (Num. xxxiv. 2H). 4. Falherof Talmai. the king of Oeshur, falluTinlawof King David, with whom Abstilom look refuge after he had killed .miion (II Sam. xiii H7). The variant reading heri' is . imihnr. 6. Son of Omri, a Judean living in J<rnsidi-m (I Chron. ix. 4). <
O. B. L.
Amiuon See Ammiiui)
AMMINADAB
("My
(4).
Kinsman
Has
Given
Freely"; compare the n:imes Abi-nadah, Ahi-nadab, See also SchraJeho-naclati. and Kammush-nadab.
"Cuneiform Inscriptions and the Olil Testament," p. 2H1 and see 'Amm, A.mmi): 1. The father of Aaron's wife Klisheba (Ex. vi. 2;i) and of Nahshon, the "head of the tribe of Judah " (Num. i. 7, ii.
- i).
Al.so tin- nanie of Certain Levitcs (I Chron. vi. 2. The name of a king of the Ammonites 7, XV. Kl). in the lime of Ashurbauipal (Delitzsch, "Wo Lag das Paradies';" p. 294). C. C. T. der,
AMMISHADDAI
("Shaddai
is
My
Kinsman";
((jrnp.uc Sii.MMi.M. ami the names Zurishaildai. Shediur. and perhaps Absadai [I.idzbarski. "llandbucU der Nordsrni. Kpigraphik." ji. 2(Hi|; akso A.M.MI-KI,, Ammi liaal. etc. See '.VMM, 'A.MMI): Name of the father of the Danite Ahiezer, in Num. i. 12. ii. 25,
Gray. " Hebrew Proper Names," pp. 1!)4 et seq., pronounces the name a late and artificial forma-
etc. 24."),
C. C. T.
tion.
AMMON, AMMONITES.— Biblical Data A
nation in eastern Palestine.
Derivation and Relationship.
As
to their origin from Gen. xix. M8. in which
compare Uen ammi" (son of
Lot,
u;t 173.
.ijiir.)-. 11.
Rev."
Ammi
THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA
523
my iiaternal uncle; of my nearest relative) is jiaronomasia. not etymology. It is possible that Amnion is derived from the name "
that
is,
of a tribal divinity. According to the ]iedigree given in Gen. xix. 37-38, the . inionites were nearly related to the Israelites and still more closely to their neighbors in thi' south, the Moaliites. This is fully confirmed by the fact that all names of Ammonitish persons show a pure Hut the above passage indiCanaanitish character. cates also the contemjit and hatreil for the Ammonites felt by the Hebrews (Deut. xxiii. 4). even to thei'Xclusion of their progeny from the assembly of the Lord (contrast Deut. ii. 19. 37. in which the cousciousness of relationship seems to be at the root of the regard shown to Amnion). The borders of the Ammonite territory are not In Judges, xi. 13, the clearly delined in the Bible. claimOf the king of Amnion, who <leniands of the Israelites the restoration of the land "from Amon even unto .labbok and unto Jordan." is menlioned only as an unjust claim (xi. l.'il. inasmuch as the Israeiitish part of this tract had been coinniereil from the Amoriles whom the Moabiles hail, in part, precedeil; while ill Judges, xi. 22 it is stated thai Ihe Israelites lia<l iios.session "from the wildernes.s even unto .lordan," and thai lliey laid a claim lo li'rrilory lievond this, so as to leave no room for Amnion. Num. xxi. 24 (h'scribes the Helirew coni|uest (compare .ludges. xi. lit) as having reached "even unto the bi Id ren of Amnion, for the border ot the child ri'n of .mnion was Jazer" (read tlu' last word, with Septuagint, as "Jazer," instead of "'a/.," strong, Josh. xiii. 25. deA. V. comiiare Judges, xi. 32). lines the frontier of the tribe of Gad asbeing "Jazer and half the land of the iliildren of . imon." The latter stalenn'iil can be ricon<iled with Num. xxi. 24 (Deut. ii. 19. 37) only by assuming that the northern part of Sihon's Amorile kingdom had for mi riv been . inionite. This exjdains. in pari, the claim mentioned above (Judges, xi. 131. According 111 Deiil. ii. 37, llie region along the river Jalibok and the cities of the hill country formed the honler-line of Isniel. In Judges, xi. 83, n portion of tlip land of Amnion It extended from Aroer to Minnilh, is menliiined. including twenty cities, and must have been an I
.
.
.
