THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA
13 "
Preacher " or " Censor
"; born in 1738; of the early j;reat nilibis of the sect wlio lielped the rapid spread of llasidism in eastern Europe, and was distinguislied fur llie tierj' He died one year (lo(iuenee of his exhortations. Ix'fnre his master, the frreal Kablii Baer of >Iezhiricli, and was succeeded by liis son. Aslier of Karlin (I.). Aaron is the author of the Salihath
simply as the
He was one
(lied 1771.
iiymn
which
Ijcfrins
DVJ ^IIDDX iT and is His ethi-
T'C'
stillapart of the liturgy of
llir Iliisidini.
cal will (zeicaah) and some collectanea are printed in the work of bis grandson, Aaron hen Asher of
Karlin. liuiMOfiRAPHY: {Ti'imC So/erim, note
1291,
Lemberg, 1892 : Bel
Altai'iii, Brody, 1875.
There the name of Jonas-
ical Register," April, 1895.
Aaron
is
referred to as being
upon the account-
books of Judge Trent. BIIII.IOORAPIIY : A. S. W. Rosenhaoh, NnlfK tm the First Settlewettt nf Jeirn in I*ntnt<iilvnuia, I(t."v>-17o:i, In Pw/j/icotinns i,f tin: Am. Ji u: lliM. Snv.. No. p. 11)1, WK. .'>,
A S
W
U.
AARON BEN JOSEPH OF BEAUGENCT: French
Bilile
commentator and
ralibinieal scholar,
who Hourislu'd in the twiH'th century at Beaugency, near Orleans. He was the contemporary of Habbenu Tani (about 1110-75), with whom he maintained a scholarly correspondence. BIBLIOGRAPHY Zunz, Z. O. p. 80 Gross, Gallia Judaica, p. 116. L. G.
AARON BEN JOSEPH OF BUD A (Ofen) A
Wl.
P.
Aaron ben BCayyim Aaron hen Joseph ha-Levl
AARON J AROSLAW. See Jaroslaw, Aaros. AARON JEITELES. Sie .Teitei.es, Aaron. AARON OF JERUSALEM (called also
.ludaci (ieiiiKUi piKl (if the se eiileenth eeiitiiry. who was captured in the city of Ofen. the capital of Hungary, on September 2, KiSti, when the imperial troops, under llie command of Duke Charles of
raitic
Lorraine, linally wrested it from the power of the He was the author of " Kin Schoen Neu Lied von Ofen" (Bak. Prague, 1(586), a Juiheo-Oerman |ioem describing the fate of the Jews of Buda, and esjiecially lauilatory of one Sender ben Joseph Tausk, to whom Ihc poem is dedicated.
mar and
Bini.ioiiRAriiY
Abul-Faraj Harun ben Alfarez, the Grammarian of Jerusalem): K.ir:iili' nf the clivinth ii'liliU'V. He was acUnow ledi.'ed liy the Kiihliiiii iles as one of the principal icpicsiiitatives of Ka learning and as a great authority on grain e.vegesis. He is i|Uoteil by Abndiam ibn Ezra in the preface to his " Mo/.nayim " as " the sage of Jerusalem, not known to me by name, who wrote eight books on grammar, as precious as sapiihire." Jloses ilin Ezra refers to liiin as "Ihe Silg<' of Jerusidem who wrote the Mushtamil.' " and als(>(|Uotes him as "Sheik Aliulfaraj of Jerusalem, who is no ailherent of our religious commimily." Judah ibn ISalaam likewise mentions " the granunariaii of the Hr)ly City"; and Abulwaliil in liis "Kikiiiah" re '
lates that Jacob de Leon brought him from Jeru salem "the co|)y of a book by an author who lived there, but whose name he refrains from mentioning." because, as Bacher surmises, he was a Karaite. Little was known of Aaron until N'eubauer ilis covered, among the manuscript ccillcctinii of Kir kovilch in St. Pelersl)Uig. important fraginiwits in Arabic of the ".Mushtamil" ('i"he Coniprehen sive). a
Hebrew grammar
consisting of eight books.
Haclier, while studying these fragments, succeeded S. Pozin rediscovering the unknown grammarian.
nanski published som<> valuable specimens of Aaron's work; and, following a suggestion of llarkavy. he threw new light on llieauthiirand some other works of hi.s namely, the "Kitab al ICaphi." a commen larv on the I'entateui li. nften (pioted by Karaite writei-s. and a lexicographical work bearing the title "Sliarh Alalfaz," a part of which is extant in the
—
British
Museum.
BinLIooRArilv Fllrnt. nfuch. <l. KitrikrI. 1. (Ifl. 100 Haclicr. In 1{(V. KI.JuirrK. xxx-Za-'ilM; Poznmiskl. i7)i<(., Isnti, xxxlll.
- .4-39. 197-218; Pliuker. Llhhu(e lyadmiininl. |i|>. 11)0 ,( wi;.
K.
AARON OF JITOMIR eipleiif
l!:ii
the sect of isao.
I
r 111'
hi'
.Me/hiiii h
<
r
ZHITOMIR A dis
iiml
- i
ri
piiserilalive of
llasidiin: born alioiit 1751); died about ciibalistic homilies on tlii' Penta-
He wrote
teuch under the title "Tuleilot Aharon" (The Gcuemtions of Aaron). Herditchev. 1S17. Hini.ioimAPiiv WiildiMi. No. Ill, Wursiiw. 1H7U.
Shem ha-QcdoUm
hc-IImlaiil), p.
Ifl.
A. B. D.
AARON, JONAS
First known Jewi.sli resident "f I'liilailelpiiia; mentioned in an article entitled " Philailelphiii Business Directorv of 17lK!." by Charles H. Bidwiiiiig, ]>iiblisbed ill "'Ihe .Vmericiin Histor:
Turks.
stelnwlinpldpr, Sftaiirmn. Umll. Nos. :VfA. «V< Krstlinnuini O/titV, ISUi. IIiia;
Weill.
iil.
184.S,
p.
- i.i2.
No.
Kaufmunn, Die
AARON BEN JOSEPH HA-LEVI
G.
(abbre = Ralilii AiiiiM Hi l.evii: Talmiidist vialiil and erilie; a direct descendant iifZKUAlli.Mi IIA-Li;vr. and proliably, like him. a native of (Jerona. Spain; timirislied al the end of the thirteenth century; died before l;ili;3. About the middle of the thirteenth century he studied under Nahmanidcs. at Geiona. where he also met. as a fellow ]iupil. Solomon nK.N Adukt. who later came to be his opponent. .aron especially mentions among his teachers his biother I'hiiielms (who migrated later to C'anel near I'erpignan. after w liieli place he is surnamed), and bis nephew Isaac, the son of his brother Benveniste. His life appears to have been spent in Spain. In I'JH,") he was rabbi in Saragossa, where he was so highly respected that Xissim nv.y Rkibkn, in i:!.">0. did not dare to annul a decision given by Aaron to a eonimunily in that city, even though he considered it illeiral (Isaac ben Sheshet. resiionsa. No. ;t!H)). About V^l'Jl .aron lived for a sliort time in Toledo. The a.sserlion of some modern historians that, when advanced in age. he emigrated to Provence, is Im.sed on a misunderslaiidiiiL of Meiri (see below), where the correct reading is p) instead of Nirtl. and min "S'^ID instead of 1"'3"H3 (see Neuliailer's edition, p. TM)). Aecoicling to Isjiac de Ijattes, Aaron wrote commentaries on most of the treatises in the Talmud, of which but few exist today; namely, tho.se on the treatises Bezali and Ketubot. also commenlaries on the Halakot of .VH'asi. of which the portions on Bemkot and Ta'anit have been jiublished by S. and N. Bamberger (]Mentz. 1S74) under the title " Pekudat Im-Lewiyim." He wrote also se vend com pendinms of law s eoneeriiing the precepts of various rituals. The " Precepts ('oncerning Wine." which is added to Ihe wiirk ".Vboilat ha Kodesh " by his opponent. Solo mon ben Adnt (Venice. HiOiJ). is the only one |)iiblished; anollier part is in inanuscript in the Bodleian Ilis pupil Yom-Tob Ashbili (that is. of Library. Seville) has preserved, in his noVellaM" Hiddushim") to the Talmud, many of the explanations of Aaron. The repulation of Aaron as a high Talmudic author ity dill not arise from any of the above works. which were not widely published, but from his " Bedi'k ha
RAH
mm
