— Anakim Anan ben David
)
THE JEWISH EXCYOLOPEDIA
them also with the Nelilim; hut the clause not in the Greek, and is probably a late ploss. In Judges, i. 10, the ecuuiucst is ascribed to Judah. How far tlie Aiiakini had been ahsorbe<l by C'aiuuiu-
552
classes
xxi. 11; the Septuagint has the
is
See Moore. "Judges," pp. 24
ites
and
On
Philistine.s is uncertain.
and xv.
in Josh. xiv. 12-1."> Kiu.i.Tii Aitii.v.
13.
the trencalojiy see lliiuiioN and T.
In Rabbinical and Hellenistic Literature: Accordinj; to ralibinical tradition (tien. H. ..vi.), the Anakim arc of the same Titanic race as the Hephaim, Netilim. Gibborim, Zanizummiin, and Emini. The name (as tlioujrh lonlaining the clement 'dunkneck) is cxjilained in the Midrasli (Gen. U. x.wi.) as indicating that they wore "neck -chains heaped upon neck-chains," or, as if from the verb " to press," "force," that they seized the solar disk and cried, "Send us rain," or that " they squeezed their heads into the sun "(Sotah, 34A; see Hashi on Yoma. 10"). Of the three sons of Auakwlio tille<l the spies with awe and fear by their frigantic stature, Ahinian, Sheshai, and Talmai (Xum. .ii. 2'.i-33), the first is represented in IS'um. U. xvi. and Tan., Shelah, 7, ed. Buber, 11, as challenging passers-by, sjvying: " Whose brother will light with me? " (a lilay upon "Aliiman" = brother of whom); the second stood there stolid as a block of marble (a play upon marble), and the third made tleep furshei/t furrows) in the rows (a play upon ti/nmiin (Compare iSotah. 34; Yoma, soil with every step. 10", which has a .somewliat different and possil)ly corrupt version see Buber, notes to Tan. I. c.) And when the spies saw these men towering up to the sky and looking as if piercing the sun, they were " We are not able to go up against afraid and said these people, for they are stronger than Ik [IJDD]: that is, stronger than even the Lord Himself " (Num.
=
=
=
"brother" of Anak). et geij. and Driver, "t'ommentary on Deuteronomy," pji. 23,40 mote); the letter refers also to Goliath as one of the sons of Hala, the giant of Gatli.
ANALOGY:
Talnuidic Rule of Interpretation. lIlltMI'.NKrTICS OP. ANAMIIVI Mi/.numite people, unidentified, mentioned in Gen. x. 13 and in I C'hron. i. 11, who
See'lMxil
11
A
dwelt probably in Egypt or some neighboring region in Afiica. G. B. 1.
ANAMMELECH
LECH
"
Ann
(more "
properly Prince " )
Anu was
is
.Melek
"
or
there worshiped under this appelhitiou. however, in the text, that children were
It is stated,
in sacrifice to Anammelech in Samaria; and perhaps inconsistent with the fact that there is no evidence that such offerings were ever made in Babylonia.
burned
this is
BniLiociR.iPHY: SchriKlpr, Phrmizii'Che Sprnchc, IIH;
I)c Vntriie,
M/l(iii{ie!<
!
xiii. 31).
Of
the size of the
Anakim, a
^Alidrash
fragment
a Pentateich commentary of the thirteenth century, and published by him in "Semitic Studies in llemory of Alexander Kohut," gives tlie following description; p. 492 "The daughter of Anak had gone into her father's garden and taken a pomegranate, which she ate, after having peeled off the skin and cast it aside. Then the twelve spies came and, seeing her father, were struck with fear and hid themselves under the pomegranate skin, believing it to be a cave. The daughter of Anak in the meantime came back and, seeing the pomegranate-skin still lying there, was afraid lest her father might scold her for lack of neatness. She therefore took the pomegranate-skin, with the twelve spies hidden therein, and cast it out of the garden, noticing the weight added by the men no more than if the skin had been the shell of an egg" The legend bears a striking resemblance to the .story of the giant's daughter reprinted in Grimm's "Kinder und Hausmarchen" (compare Chamisso's "Riesenfriiulein "). K.
found by Schechter
in
—
—— Critical View
The unknown, and they have
On
origin of the Anakim is no trace in history. pos.sible (but uncertain) remains of them, com-
pare Nowack, "
Anak
"
left
"Hebr. Arch." §
(so the Greek), or " the
an etymological puzzle.
The name
16.
Anak
"
The meaning
(Hebrew),
is
of "benehaAnak " is uncertain. It is interpreted by some as "the long-necked"; by other.s, as "the necklacewearers." It is perhaps non-Semitic. Josephus ("Ant." iii. 14) relates that the spies found at Hebron the posterity of the giants; and this tallies with Josh. xiv. 1.5, according to which Hebron was the city of Arba, " the greatest man among the Anakim '"'(" the father of Anak," Josh.
ISO.'),
pp. 124-
iVAnhhilnuie Orienlak. WiH;
Gei^Tgm^milh, Assurinn hiscnvcrien^ I.<>ndon and New York, 187.'>, p. :tim; SdiradiT, Cuin iform Ins<-nptum«ttiifl tJit: O. T. 1.
2711;
lUiwlhisun, lkr:,duiiu<,
1.
Oil.
ANUMEA goil
worshiped by the Sepharvites in Samaria under the Assyrian regime, along with the god Adnunnielech Ann was the chief of tin- old (il Kings, xvii. 31). Babylonian trinity, Ann. Bel, and Ea; andifSepharvaim (compare ih. 24) is Sippara in North Babylonia (not Sepharvaim in Syria, II Kings, xix. 13), as is very probable, there is no dilliculty in supposing that
J. F.
ANAN
5IcC.
Baljylonian ainora of the third century, disci|>le of Mar Samuel (Ycb. H'Mi, Kid. ;V,)ii). and contenijiorary of Itib Hima and Mar 'Ukba II. (Ket,
Anecdote and legend combine to illustrate Anan's renown for extreme conscientiousness in his capacity as judge in civil cases, as well as for his thi'osophie speculations. The books " Seder Eliyahu Rjibbah " and " Si'der Eliyahu Zutta," mysterious in more than one sense, are Siiid to have been composed during visitations Anan received from the prophet Elijah (Ket. IOOk). (See Tanna debe Eliyahu R. Anan was iirominent as a teacher of civil law and of ritual; and though R. Kahman once criticized one of his arguments remarking, "While attending Mar Samuel, you must have spent your time in playing at checkers" (or "chess," hktindre. Kid. 21i) he liighlv respected him, and addressed him with the title" of Mar ("Master," I.Iul, .'56"), R. Iluna, on his part, did not consider Anan Ins equal; and when the latter once addressed to him a message, headed, "To Huna, our colleague, greetings," he felt himself depreciated and replied in a manner 09").
—
—
that greatly embarra.ssed Anan (K('t. fill"). In the field of the Ilaggadah, Anan rarely appear^, and then only as the transmitter of observations of his predecessors. But many of his teachings were probably incorporated with those of the students of the school that bore his name, Debe Rab Anan (Suk. 49i; Ber. .30A; Shab. 119"; Yer. Shab. iii. (compare Bab. Shab. 37"); 'Er. 74*; Yeb. 97"; Yer. Yeb. ix. U)h: Ket. 79«; Git. 444; Shebu'ot, 4(Ji; IIul. 44, 38", .50"). S. M. ."><;
ANAN
ANAN, SON OF Born about the beginning of Ibc common era (compare .losephus. "B. J." iv. 3. ^^ 7 and 10) was aiipojnted high piiest by Agrippa II., in the year 02. but officiated only three months. As president of the Sanhedriu he availed himself of a vacancy occurring in the procuratorship in .ludea, to convene that body and to have certain persons obnoxious to him condemned and stoned to ('eath as lawbreakers. (That among these
