An^el, Abraham
Eslicol. mid Anor. imrsucd and nvvrvictorious iirriiv, and l>r<iu.^lit liatk tlu' liooty iind till' captives, anions; wlioni were Lot and liis family (Gcu. .iv. 10). It is uotcwortliy that Mamre is an early name for Hebron (Gen. xxiii. 19). that Eslicol was at a later time the name of a valley near Hebron (Num. .iii. 23. 24: Dent. i. 24). and that the orijiinal leadiiii; for Auer (Seplwairint Auur) may have lieeii. asC'lieyne suggests. Kiniu, a name which iiiav refer to one of the si. spring.s near Hebron. 1. M. P. lords.
took
Mamrc,
till-
The 5Iidrash, In Kabbinical Literature when tn-aliiig of Arier ((Ji'ii. xviii. 1). states that, although an ally of Abraham and therefore a worthy
man. yet he advised the latter against undergoing circumcision, .saying: "Wilt thou, an old man of a hundred years, expose thyself to such pain ? " Therefore, the angels, when visiting Abraham, avoided the domain of Aner, and sought Abraham while he was dwelling in the territory of Mamre. because the lat ter, unlike his elder brother, Aner. had said to Abraham: "It would be wrong to disobey the God who hath saved tliee from the furnace [into which Nimrod had thrown him (see Ann.Mi.vM. in midrashic literature)], from the kings, and from famine" (Gen. R. L. G. xlii. 8).
ANGEL, ABRAHAM EBI): A
'i'urkish
(surnamed TSHELTalniudisl and aullior who nour-
ished at the brginniiig of the niiulecutli century. He published " I'll tube lint am" (Engraving of a Seal). Salonica, 188!), dealing with all (juestions left undecided ill the Talmud, and which are marked by the word ip'n (let it standi ), and with those jiasssiges in the Pentateuch which contain the conjunction
"also"
(03).
BiBLioiiinPiiv: Zedner, Cat. Hehi: Boohs Brit. Mus. Heujacob, (Jzar ha-Sefarim, p, SOI,
p. .tO;
D.
ANGEL, BARUCH
Talmudic author and colleges of Salonica and
princijial of the 'ralnuulic in the first half of
the seventeenth cenpupil of Asher lia-Kohen ben Ardut, and became one of the foremost teachers in Turkey. The best known of his pupils is David Conforte, author of the historical work, " Kore ha-Dorot." Angel wrote novella; to .lo.scph Caro's civil code " Hoshen Mishpat," which were published together
He was a
with Solomon Florentin's nica,
also
le.l.-));
Kamma, Baba and Hullin
"
novellic
ilezi'a.
Dorcsh Mishpat" (Saloto
the
treatises
Baba
Ketubot, Gittin, Shebu'ot,
(Salonica. 1717):
and responsa, contain-
ing a correspondence on leligious law between him and the greatest of his contemporaries (Salonica. 1717).
BiBLincnArnv:
Fiirst,
IJuriit, p. Mb; Azulai, honlfayuiin. No. 620.
BiW.
Ji«(. p. 45;
Conforte, Isore ha-
Shem ha-Gedolim,
ANGEL BEN ^AYYIM
A
s.v.: Micliael,
Turkish
Life), containing several funeral orations and miscellaneous homilies tm the Pentateuch (Salonica, 1760).
DIBLIOORAPIIV: Z<!dm'r. Cat. Benjatwb, o?<ir haSe/arim,
Or
commen
tator on the Bilile. livi-d at Salonica in the last half He wrote " 'Ez Hayof the eighteenth century. yim" (Tree of Life), containing disquisitions on Genesis. It was printed together with M. Algazi's
"Sefat Emet" and H. .1. Varshano's "Ya'aljobHebel" at Salonica, in 1772. Bibliography Zedner, Cat. Behr. Bouhs Brit. Mm. p, 50,
D ANGEL, HAYYIM VIDAL BEN SHABBETHAI: Turkish niblii and preacher, who nourished at Salonica about the middle of the eighteenth century. He wrote: "Sippur ha-Hayyim " (Tale of
llcltr. Bnukt Brit. Miik. p. JM; p, 423.
ANGEL, MEIR BEN ABRAHAM, grade
.
rciinwiiiil
prearhir u
lio
Hm-.
I
in
of BelI
In-
six-
teenth and seventeentli centuries, and died in Sated (Palestine) after having traveled through Poland, He wrote " Masorei ha IJerit " Italy, and Greece. (Tradition of the Covenant). 701) Immiliis on texts strung together according to eerlaiii .Masoreiic lists.
His "Masorel haat Cracow, in lOlil. ha Gadol," containing l.O.'iO homilies of the same character, was imblished at Mantua, in 1022. He also wrote an ethical work. " Kesliet Xeliushah " (Bow of Bronze), in verse alternating with rimed prose. He pictures a sort of moral combat in which the tendency to do ill is |)ersonilieil. This was published, about the year l.">'.i;i. at Bdyedere. near Con|>ublislie(l
Beril
stautinople, by Heyna. Ihv widow of Jo.seph Na.si. He speaks of a commentary on Abot, which, however, seems not to have been published. BiBi.ioiiRAPiiv: Conforte, Ifnre ha-D'irnl, p. .">!/); ranimlT, Itliihaircsilf la Tare Saiiitc, p. 19S; StclnsilineliliT, ( <i(,
Bmll.
.Nu, (CSO.
M.
ANGEL, MOSES .Jews'
Knc
Sclionl;
L.
M.
Headmaster of the London born April 20. 1S19. and died at
London, in INOS. He received his early training at H. X. Solomon's boarding-sehonl at Hammersmith and entered L'niversity College School at the age of fourteen; he compl<'te<l his education at University College, London, with a brilliant academical record. After working some time as a bank-clerk, he turned his attention to teaching, and in 1840, on the retirement from the Jews' Free School of the headmaster (the Hev. H. A. Henry). Angel was appointed master of the
A
Smyrna tury.
58a
THE JEWISH ENX'YCLOPEDIA
Angelolo87
Talmud
Torali.
the ujijier division of the
There he aimed to secure a higher (|uality of education, and shortly afterwanl the management school.
of the entire school was entrusted to him. In this capacity his great administrative and pedagogic gifts soon wrought change in the entire morale of the institution, so that the Jews' Free School rapidlj' became one of the most comprehensive and best-managed elementary institutions in the United Kingdom. In 18.");i it was i)laced under government inspection, and. at the yearly examinations which followed, the school never failed to elicit the warmest encomiums from the government inspector, while many tributes of appreciation were paid to Angel's great administrative and educational talents. Not content with jiromoting the welfare of the youthful .scholars contided to his care. Angel, in 1853, undertook the training of the teachers in both departments of the school, organizing a system of university teaching for the school staff, whose reputation for skill and etticiency became so wide-spread that for more than a generation nearly every Jewish elementary teacher in the country owed his training, directly or indirect 1}', to Angel. In 1883, when the school was enlarged and reconstructed, an assistant became necessary, and a vicemaster was apiioiiited. L, 15. Abrahams. Until 1807 Angel occupied the post of headmaster, but resigned in that year for th<' less onerous position of principal, being succeeded in the headinastcrshij)
by Abrahams. Angel's remarkable personality left its imprint of both the secular and reli.gions educational development of the Anglo-.Jewish commimity. At the time when, for want of proper
upon the progress
