THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA
Anhalt
Animal Worship Tftrtenotc (Till'
II.
Miitvusti'il
III.
llistorv of ifii israrv
Ferdinaiul
Ilali'iliiip"
from Matthias
II.
to the
("iHSO). Tlie hist work forms I Valh of Kcrdiniiml lit. the sixth vohime of S/.ilairvi's "Hunn-arinn National History." which was puhlislieil on the occasion of the millennial celebration of the existence of the llunsarian realm. He has translated several works 1)V Macaiday, Paul Janet, etc.. into Ilunj.'arian. contributed several historical es.says to the periodical press, and edited the works of the )ioets KOlcsey and Kisfaludy. Angyal has been bajitized. )
Bibliography
Pallus,
Lrxikim.
1.
Ctki
S/lnnyel,
JUwiiar
/'
TA
ru™,vo..i. ^j
ANHALT
An
^^.
ancient principality of Germany,
a state 111 the German empire: formerly divided into I'ourdtichics: Aidialt-Heridiurg, Anhalt-Dessau, Anhalt-KiJthen, and Aidialt Zerbst. Its former capital was Zerbst, a town on a tributary of the Elbe, situated about leu miles northwest of Dessjiu. Jews
now
are known to have been permitted to live here before the year 1440. an<l it is said that the " Ji'idenstrasse" (Jews' Street) dates from the lifteenth century. Accordin;ar to an airreement made in 1400 and a document drawn up in 14.SS. the revenue derived from tlie Jews was to be divided between the prince of Anhalt and the town of Zerbst. The Jews owned no real estate there, and seem to have lived in the town at irrejridar intervals, and then only in small numbers. In 1TT4 several families from IJessjiu setHut the settlement of Jews in oth<-r tled at Zerbst. towns of the duchy is even more recent than this. At Bernbiirir. also the capital of the dueliy of Anhalt with which its name is linked, a city situated on the Saale, there was a synajrogue in 14.i4; and here, in 140'.J. Bernhard VI.. prince of Bernburg. sold to Tile Goldschmidt ahouse nearthe " Jndilenschulcn." In l)ess!iu. the capital of the duchy of AidialtDessau. a city about eighty miles southwest of Berlin, Here Prince a small number of Jews lived in 1(V21. George II. permitted them to build a .synagogue, and he gave them the use of a cemetery as well as a piece In the villages of of land for a hospital {/lekdcs/i). Anhalt-Dessau the Jews lived in large numbers. In 1764 Prince Leopold granted the Jews a constitution and issued regulations for the maintenance of He abolished the poll-tax in 1S04. and their credit. permitte<l the Jews uf Woerlitz to build a .synagogue. In the same year Leopold recognized the Franzschulc as a Jewish jniblic school. Important Hebrew printing-houses existed at Ki)then from 1(>2'3 to 1717, and at Jessnitz from 1719 The Jews of the principality w<Te comto 1726. pelled to take family names at Bernburg in 1810. at Kothen in 1811. and^at Dessau in 1822. In 1810 civil rights were granted in Bernburg, and in 1811 in Kiithen. In 184S all restrictions were abolished. Anhalt is remarkable for the great number of Jewish scholars it has produced. Moses Mendelssohn and Ludwig Pliilippson came from Dessau; the historian Jost. from Bernburg: the mathematician Unger. from Coswig: the philosopher Steinthal. from Grijbzig; and the preacher Salomon, from Sandersleben.
Bibliography: Die Jwkn ntiter il. AnhnUhchrn Marls?rafcn von Bratulcnhttrg, in AUg. Zeit. d.Jmi. 1840. No, 3; D. Calm, Die Slctluntl dir Juttcii in AnhaU. ib.. lsti«. Nos. 40 and 41 Anhaltiwhe Jwlen In Jildisches VrAksblatt, e<l. h. PhUlppson, WM, .i. Nos. 12 and 13. A. F.
ADAFINA
ANI, ANIDA, or Among Spanish Jews, a dish composed of beans, peas, fat meat, and eggs, placed in an oven over Friday night, and eaten at the Sabbath meal. The Ani, called by the German
604
Jews Sc/uiM, was regarded by
the Iiupiisition as conclusive evidence of Jewish practises against Maranos. Bibliography: Ilcv. tt. Jnins, xvlll. ;f74, xxxvll. 3U7. M. K.
ANILAI
and
ASINAI
Kobbir
ehieftain.s.
Two
Jewi.sh boys of Nehardea in Babylonia were apprenticed by their widowed mother to a weaver. Having been punished for laziness by their ina.ster, they ran away and became freebooters in the marshlands of the Euphrates. There they gatheieil about them a large number of discontenied Jews, organizing troops, and levying forced contributions on the shepherds, and finally established a little robberOne Sabbath state at the forks of the Euphrates, they were surprised by tlu> Piirthiau ruler of Babylonia, but they determined to fight regardless of the day of vest", and defeated their assailant so <-ompletely that the Piirthian king Artabiin HI. (about 10-40). who was just then eng;iged in putting down a rebellion, resolved to make use of such brave Jews He concluded an allito keep the satraps in check. ance with them, entrusting them with ihe control of that portion of Babylonia which they already occupied. They then built fortifications, and the little state lasted for tif teen years (about 18-:33). Its downfall was brought about by the marriage of Anilai with the widow of a Piirthian general, whom he had attacked and killed in battle. He tolerated the idolatrj- of his foreign wife, and met the religious objections of his people with violence, thus estranging his followers and sowing dissension among them. After Asinai had been poisoned by his brothers wife for his too frank titterances. Aiiihii assumed the leadership of his troops. He sought to divert them with wars, and succeeded in ca|ituring Mithridates. govHe ernor of Parthyene. and si>n in law of the king. soon, however, released Mithridates. fe;iriug that Artaban might take vengeance on the Babylonian Jews for his death. Beingsignally defeated by Mithridates in a subsequent engagement, he was forced to withdraw to the forests, where he lived by plundering the Babylonian villages about Nehardea. until his resources were exhausted and the little robber-state Babylonian hiitred of the Jews, long disappeared. restrained from fear if Anihii, now broke forth afresh, and the Jews tied from the persectitions to Seleucia without finding there the desired peace, [The name Anilai is identical with "Hanilai" in Talmudic literature. This was. for example, the name of the father of the well-known haggadist Tanhum b. Hamilas (Bacher, Ag. Pal. Amor." iii. i
w. B.]
627).
Bibliographt
Jnsepliiis,
Ant imitates,
xviii. 9.
A. Bt).
ANIMAL FABLES IN TALMUD AND
MIDRASH.
Sec .Kmii-'s F.vbles, also F.ble8.
ANIMAL OFFERINGS. See Sacrifice. ANIMAL WORSHIP This is an expression
which needs (areful delinition, since it is understood and exiihuued in various ways. A distinction has to be made between a strict and a loose erajdoynient of the expression.
On
the one hand, a difference
must be noted between actual devotion to. or service of. an object and the mere recognition of such an object as divine or .supernatural. On the other hand, care mtist be taken to avoid confounding the direct worship of an animal with the use of the animal as a symbol of the real object of worship. In the strictest sense of the words, it is doubtful whether Animal 'Worship ever exi.sted in any large but. in a wider portion of the Hebrew community
sense, there
were instances which are worthy of
close
