TUE
617
information pxtant relating to this I{. Aslicr, who was one of the pioneers of Jewish schohirship in Poland, anj prolialily succeeded 1{. Jacob Pollak in the occupancy of the important ral)l)inical chair at Cracow. Asau author, only the memory of a cabalistic dissertation on the prayers and benedictions written by liini under the name of " Emek ha-Herachah " (The Vale of Blessing) has come down to us (Isserles, "Tonu ha'Ulah," iii. y4; Jleir Lubliu, "Kespousa,"
No.
83).
Bibliography: StelnschneWer, Cat. Bodl. eols. 300 and Biuss. Siftr YesUtnim. p. 42; I. M. Zunz, 'Ir Im-Zfdtk,
737:
p. I, Leniljerk', 1H7-1; IJeniliitziT. Kelikil I'l'ti. I. 2li. CriicDW.' ]H»«: BenJucKh, itzttr hn-Sf fV/n/*i, p. -144 ; NLssenhuutii. Li:-Iyoriit
hd-yehiiiUni lie-Luhlin lUisturu uf the Jews in Luhlin), LulUiii, IsiW.
a.',
11
ANSCHEL NORDEN DE LIMA.
p.
G E
See Lima.
ANSCHEL, SOLOMON:
(i.rman author; lived in southern Germany at the end of the eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth century. He wrote " Ueber den Coninier/. Zwisehen Seele u. Korpcr " (a translation from tli<' Hilirew), I'^ninkfort-onthe-JIain, 17^8; "Thanatnliigia, sen in Mortis Naturam," etc., GiMtiiigen. ITU.T; " AnfangsgrUnde der Naturwisseuschafl " (with illustrations), Mayence,
180L BiBLiOGR.vriiT:
Fiirst, /{i'ldofJiooa Ji«l<ii(-(i,
ANSCHEL, WORMS.
ANSCHELM
|i.
40.
^j
jj
Ashkr ben Wolf. B. Anshel ha-Levi
See
k ailed also
Chief rabbi of several (Jerinun pnivwas appointed to the otli( e of chief rabbi
of Colog'ne): iue(
s.
He
by Conrad of Weinsberg, liereditary chamberlain and plenipotentiary representative in this particular matter of the Holy Koman Empire. Anschelin's spheres of activity was restricted to -Mayence, Cologne, Treves, Brenu'ii, Worms. Spiyer, Basel. Stra.sburg, and a number of other prominent cities and ilistiicts. This was the second instance of .such an appointment in the history of the German Jews, the lirst being that of 1{. Israel, who was nominated at Nuremberg, May 3, 14(17. by King Kuprccht. to in the year 143"i
serve as ivOniglicher Heichs-llochmeister (royal chief rabbi). Anschelm was the younger contemporary of that group of eminent rabbis to which Maharil (1{. Jaeoli b. Moses ha-I^evi Mollin)and H. Solomon Kunkel belonged. K. Seliginann Bing Oppenheim alludes to him as a remarkalih' man. Still, we tind in the Jewish sources no reference at all either 'o his appointment or to that of K. Israel, most likely be-
cause governnieut nominations for
communal
posi-
external interference in their religious atTairs, were extri-mely uniaipular among the Jews of the Middle Ages, and were very frequently ignored. Biiu.KxiU.M'HV; (indemunn, Gcwhirhtf dfA Krztfhunoinves<ii« mill il, r Ciilltirtkr Judtu, IsHs, Ml. :w rl .•<tr;.,3«.'if(«f(;. II. G. E. tions.
U.S
well
a.s
all
ANSHE KENESET HA-GEDOLAH. SvNM.ooi
i;.
(
Sie
Iki; At.
ANSPACH, JOEL:
French religious writer;
bom
about ISOO; dieil Se|)t<'mber. 1S7','. He wa.s the only brother of Philippe Anspaih. Joel wa.s the first to translate the daily prayers from Hebrew into French. In 1K4'3 he publislied his "Paroles d'un Crovant Israelite" a polemical work directed against Catholic proselylisni, and which, therefore, occasioned inueli eoiiunent. I. ]i.
—
ANSPACH, PHILIPPE
Ansbach
JEWLSII ENCYCLOPEDIA
Honorary connsidor
French Court of ('a.s.salion (court of appeal) and ollieer of the Legion of Honor; born in .Met/.. to the
180(); died Pec. 3. 1875. Hi.i father. Mayer Anspacli. Philippe died in !S44, aged ninety-three years,
Ant
studied law, and at the time of the July revolution, 1830, was a practising advocate in Paris. He took an active part in the events leading to the revolution of Julj', and was thereupon ajipointed deputy procurator of the department of Seine et-Marne at .Meau. by the government of Louis Philip)ie. After tilling this othee for a time, he was called to Paris, and successively became judge deputy to the Court of Justice, deputy attorney -general, counselor at the Court of Appeals, section-president thereof, and finally counselor to the Court of Cassation. A few years before his death ill health compelled him to resign the last ollice. after a legal career in which he displayed profound knowledge of law. together with remarkal)le elo(|Uenee and incorruptible linnness. Anspach was the lirst Jew to occupy a place in the su])reme magistracy of France. He was a thorough Israelite and evinced an active interest in all matters pertaining to his coreligionists. Having held a seat in the Consistory of Paris for a long time, he was 184.-), to the Central Consistory, where he elected, in distinguished himself by his intelligence and administrative ability. It was characteristic of the man that at court levees he would attend as one of the representatives of the Jewish consistory, rather than with his fellow dignitaries of the Court of Justice. Anspach had two daughters, the elder of whom married Baron Gustave de Rothschild. He is the author of a pami>hlet, "De la Procedure Devant les
Cours
d'A.ssises,"
I,
B,
ANT IN JEWISH LITERATURE, THE
In Hebrew n^DJ, so also in Arabic miiiil (etymologv doublful); in Aramaic (Targuni. Peshilo, and Talmud) tJJtStJ'Olty, which has its eepiivalent in the Arabic KiiiHuiim, Kiiiinm, and is ised especially of the small red Ant, distinguished from sfiinnn/teiiianii fiaudii (camel-ant), the large Ant (see Fleischer, in
Levy's "Clial. Wi'irterb
"
ii.
.578).
This became by
synco|)e HhxinnldiKii, and by transposition n/i'is/iiiiiiim. Another designation for the Ant in the Talmud is NVOp (see I{ashi on Ber. 54/*; and Koliut. "Arucli Comiileluni." vii. 12.W); though, according to some, this means the locust. The Ant is referred to twice in the Book of Proverbs as an example of provident and organized industry " Go to the ant, thou sluggard In the Old consi<ler hvr ways, and be wise which, Testament. h;iving no guide, overseer, or ruler, provideth her meat in the summer, and gatherelh her food in the harvest" (vi. ti-8); and "There be four things which are little upon the earth, but they are exceeding wise: The ants are a people not stnmg, yet they prepare their meat in the summer" (.xx.x. 24, 2.5). The pas,sages refer to some s])ecies of harvesting-ant. probably either to Ap/KTH'ii/dfti-r (formerly called AttdMnirlmrd, or to ..4. striii-liir, or to I'liniilmlc iiitf/drfii/iiilii, which are to this day found in Syria and all around the Mediterranean basin. Thcse species wlK'reverthey are found, as the latest in vest igal ions of naturalist;; have proved, lay up .stores for the winter. In connection with the passage in Prov. vi. the Ant is treated from an el liico pedagogical point of view in Hul. (.57/1), where it is related that
Ilalafia made experiments to ascertain wlulher the ants really Literature, lived without a ruUr; in 'Er. (UKV*), where the industry of the Ant in procuring food is mentioned: and in Di'Ut. }{. v. and Yalk. on Prov. 1I3S. In Hul. (t>3<;) it is pointed out that till' wisdom of Ihi' Creator is manifested in the litness of the bodv and the wonderful life of the Ant. The therapeutic use of the .Vnt to avert or cure
In the Talmudic
Simon ben
