—
He aoousi'S tlicm of tribal cosnio|iolitanisni lie culls tlicm intruder!! and jmrasitcs, and an unassociablc race. He looks upon commerce as the only motive of their activity, and .'iays <if Disraeli "A Jewish statesman authors on
the
subject.
and
cxclusivciicss
got up jin^'oisni mueli as lie would f;et up a speculative maniu for a commercial purpose" (Goldwin Smith. "The United Kin.irdom." i. 4(i. lOH. I:JT. IW, New York. 1H99; "The Jewish (Jueslion" in " Nineteenth Century." 1881, pp. 10, 4U4-.">1."); "Can Jews be Patriots? "Vi. i.v. ST.'j-WS:). It can not. however, be denied by any fair-minded person thai some of the anti Semitic charires are monstrously absurd, as when Ahlwardt .slid that Saiii lillsrath l.ewin who happened to lie iiiai' the place
—
where Emperor William was shot by Noliiiinir had been advised by the Alliance Israelite I'niversclleof the attempt to assjissinatc the emperor; orlhe story that Creniieu.x had olTered a jiri/.e of one million francs for the em|ieror's head. Dn the one hanil the accusation was spri-ad thai the tinu of I.udwij; Lijwe had furnished bad iruiis. because the Alliance wished to see Germany defeati'd on the other hand. Captain Dnyfus was accused of havPettiness inir lietrayed army secrets to Gerof Charges many, because the Jews desired that by Anti- country to be victorious. A German author has even accuse<l the Jews of Semites,
liavinj; caused the stylistic carelessness of nifidern German writers (G. Wustnauuu " Allerhand .Sprachilummheiten." I,eipsic.I8!)l). Anti-Semitic pamphlets and journals have conslantly published circulars purportiiifr In be issued by the Alliance, which were forjreries, and they have fabricated a letter of the German ambassjidor to Pari.s Count von Wimpfen. who conuiiitled suicide Deo. 24, 1882 in which he had (liarired IJaron Ilirsch with bein.ir the cause of his misfortune; whereas, uctually, the unfortunate man had asked the baron as his best friend to take care of his family. They have untirintrly published an allej^ed address of an En.irlish chief nibbi. Headclif. in which the Jews were admonished to put Ihemselves in he possession (if all the.money of Ihi' wurld. so that Goil's promises to Abnihani shouTil be fullilled. The source of this alle.ired address was a novel, "Gacta, Dl'ippel,
—
I
Warsjiw," by Hermann Goedschc, who hail beendis missed from the I'russiau postal service because of foririiies that he had coiimiitled. and who wrote So undi r the pseudonym. ".'Sir John Katclille." whether rifrht or wroiii; the anti Semitic cause was only too freiiuenlly advoealed by such methiids. Ilnii.indRArnv
n
The (ienimn weekly Vitthrilinnini numlrm
Ahinhr
itt^ Aiitifi inilii*iiiiin, Herllli, slnt-e Isitl, ziir I.S a reiH-rlnrv of the IllNtury i>f Alltl-Si-inltlslll. 'riie tellenil lileriinirt'on the Slll>jll'( 1^ w> lnlMlell^«• tllllt It Is llll)H>ssll>ti> (o
Vi
Anti-Semitism Antislavery
HIE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA
649
ill
fflve more iliuii a list of the iiii>sl iiroiiilneiit works : A hlMloirniiiliy up to 1S8.'» was (jiveii liy Jos4'|ih Jarolw, '/Vic Ji-irifth (^iitfsfi'iii.
Uiniltin, IHH'i, siipiileiiieiiliil
by
I,
I^ih'Ii
In the lirv,
fir. Jiiiri-A for the satin* vear: (iliiiriui, thr tirtysni. unit firlinilun^lKtti'biriiiiht in Itirlin^ 1S77; the sts-mul part iiiiiltT the title. Ihr Hi'trxiii- unit lirlhutiiiiiinxihiriiuli t in Ihiilfihliiiiil. Derllii, IKTT: II. voii Tn-ILHilike, Kin Hurl W. Marr. ;v r.s'((i/i(..s III..)- Cii.-i;- Jm</(ii(;ih)ii. lli-rllii. Issii;
Jliitrnllinnn*
i)ln'rililji
F.. Iiniirlni:. hif .httU |i.ii/r. ( arlsnilie anil
fin'nlilin nlhllni,
nf nt{ti-
iii-*
Itni'rn-.
l^lpslr. ISHl
K,il.
V^iUi i-ii,. Item. IK71I SiHi n- nml t'nllnrHartinann. /inn
v.pii
Jiiili ntliiiin in linlininirt liii'l ZllA loi^f, 1.4'lpslr. Iss.'t: .il. .st.«ket, /ki.s .Wo.;.riii ./ii>/.ii(/ii/iii. li.Tlln. Issn; Clirli'ttiih-
Ismi; II. .Milwanlt. l>*r Vi-rzirriltuntfahniniif r Arijii-tii n Vi'ithirinitiliuijiiilrnlfinni. Merlin. Isim: Jnnjlintin, pan I.. Iln-sflrli, IrtC; .. Wiihniiiill"!. /I'l* lirrtz Jniliiihiiisihnll, iliM yi'innili'illhnnin nml ilir Ihntiih Sin-iiil. Ilerlln, ill
ill
MelM>niiaiiii von s^iniienlM-nr. Urilrilw znr AntiMni. Itiiriunnu, |Ks.*i; A. Itohllla.'. I>rr TnlMniistrr. bCI Hr. .lustiis 'A. Ilriiiiniini. Jinlrn-
<'iirlsnilie. ISHT
lit.*i-h.iUr iiiinlinili,
PailiTl'ini. IK-CI; Kil. Ilrutiioiil. 7,<i h'innrr Jiiivr. Paris, isml; /,.i /* rinVir Unliiilli; l-nrls. ISNI; /,. 7'<»(<iiii<ii> tl'ioi .liifiWiiii/i-. I*iirls. I.'flil : r. Coiisiaiit. I.ii Jnifmli ritnt TKiyl'M •' VlliMiiiii. I'arl.s, IsiC ; sir ItUiuinl F. lliiniui, 77ii:
s/iii|j)l.
M
Jiv. the (iipm. anil 14am. fhliaRo and New York. IMS. of the ajKilopetlc literature may he noteii AntiAfmiten'
I)fr AntinrniiliKnitttt iin Lti-litc itfn ChriKtnithutni*. ihs lin'hts unit iti:r Mural, Danzlff. Issr.i (Kntr. trans, by r^itifijit.
MiN. llelliiiann); A. I-ernv-Keaiilleii. Isnid I'hiz trjt yaliiiuti. IslH; Th. .Moiiiiiisin. Anili Kin Wurl llhir fnsrr I'arl.s, Juilinllinm. Berlin, issd; Fr. IiHlliz.s<h, Srliinlmiatt ilni litnltliiinirn itnlilinti I'lintvr
nml Jnstn.^^,
VAntitUinitisnn Paris.
m'lfncnvcM tenholz.
Ar
Anti:"
n
niili
Krlaniren. lHs;i;
ISiHi;
ij.
ijizare,
x. Chinerklne. Li>* Toii-
in
lin.inif, Paris. Is^C: SehratIhimmrr. Isiti; furthiT lllirature
lie VAnti<i'iiiili.-iiii
In the* Thfiilitittjicliir Jitlinj*hcrii^ht. nually by Si'hwetsrbke In BruDsnlvk.
whleh
b
publislied an-
D.
ANTI-SHABBETHIANS.
See
SnAnnETn.u
Zir.i
ANTISLAVERY MOVEMENT IN AMER-
ICA has
Tile instil utinii
lieeii
neirro .--hiM ry in .iiierica sujrgestion of a pilhir of l,as Ca.sas. who ]iropiised it as a substii.|
traced back to
the Chureh,
Ilie
tute for the enslavement of the American Indians, since the latter were lieinir ra|iidly exterminated by .Spanish oppression. E.xpericnce showed that the negroes were better able to endure the hardships of slavery. Given the institution, it is not hard to account for the fact that so receptive and assimilative a peo|)le as the Jews should have adopted it from
the people
amons whom
Maranos. who.settled
Ihey were
livinir.
New World
in the
Thus
the
soon after
discovery, held slaves, and numerous references are made to Jewish slaveholders in Jewisli Brazil, Jlexico, the West Indies. New
its
Y'ork, and New England, lonir liefore and down to the American Hevolution. There are several early references even to American-Jewish slave-dealers. The <;rowth of democnicy and chanjreil econoinic condi-
Slaveholders.
tions had
irradually ]iut an end to slavery in the North soon after the lieirinnin^' of the nineteenth century but in the South slavery remained common, anions Jews as well as amonjr others. Shortly before the Civil War there were amonfr the a.cgrcssive Southern sympathizers some .Tews who used, as conclusive proof that it was not wronir to keep slaves,
noble iihilanthropists like Judall The whole arirnment, in reality, rested on ti false assumption rifrardinj; Touro's altitude toward the inslilulion. lie evinced his antislavery views in no uncertain manner; for the iKLMdes who waited upon him in the house of the Shipards with whom he lived for forty years were all emancipated by his aid and supplied with the means of establish! nir themselves; ancl the only slave he |iersonally possissed he trained to business, then emancipated, furnishing him with money and valuathealle";e(l fact that
Totiro sanctioned slavery
—
—
ble advice. .Vs a IkhIv. the .lews in America took no action either for or against the slavery (|Ueslion. though
individual
Antislavery Jews.
Jews were numbcK-d among
meniliers of
American abolition societies in the early forties, and the .merican and Foreiirti
. li
Slaverv Siwiety
in
its
some .lews in the Soul hern states "have refii.sed 111 have any right of properly in man. or even to have any slaves about them. "and thai the cruel |)erreport, in
|s."i;t.
noieil
that
secutions lliev themselves had been subjected lo tended lo make thiMii friends of universid freedom. Hut suih tendencies were at least partially checked by he fact thai the Oriental cusloms nml antecedents of the Jew (lid not incline to make him per so an enemy of slaverv. Ilial certain |irr<-epls in the Mainionidean cihIc of laws were specilicnlly antagonistic to Ihe emancipation of noii Jew ish sbives, and that pecuniary and pulitind considerations frriHieiitly dictated an altitU(U' friendly lowani slavery uniong Jewish citizens, .ppcals lo religion and I
