Antonio,
Antwerp liis
Dom
THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA
Diogo was succcok-d in iifllco by See Antonio. Hkctok.
family.
his
lirother llfctor.
BiBLiooRAPiiY
Kayscrllng, Gesch. (kr Jmliti in Portiioni,
M. K.
ANTONIO, DOM
Prior of Crato, pretender to He wasa natural the Ikriiiic of P()rtu!;al died 1595. son of Dom Luis, lirother of Kin.:; Henry of Porlujial, and of the converted Jewess lolaiithe, Henry's misThe nu tress: but was legitimated by his father. merous secret Jews of Portugal naturally looked forward to his accession with s;itisfaction, as it was not likely he would continue the persecution of his own mother's relatives and coreligionists. After the death of Dom Henry (Jan. 81, 15S0), Philip II. of •Spain claimed the Portuguese crown, and ottered in vain to Dom Antonio an annual income of 40,lHI0duc ills, in addition to the receipts of the iiriory, if he would relinquish his claims. As soon as Philip be gan towage war with Portugal. Antonio had himself proclaimed king. The Duke of Alha, the commander-in-chief of the Spanish troops, attacki-d the adIn the herents of Antonio with the utmost fury. battle of Alcantara. Antonio with dilliculty avoided falling into the hands of the pursuing foe. and tied with a few thousand followers to Oporto. Pursued thither, he wasagain obliged to seek sjxfety in flight, and died in e.xile. He visited England, where, it has been conjectured, his presence gave particular point Philip, the new ruler to the character of Siiylock. of Portugal, revenged himself most cruelly on the Alaranos.
rl. Judcu in Portugal, p. M. Ptillippson. Eiii Miniateriiini iinter Pliilip II.—
Bibliography: KayserlinR, Gesch. 271)
Kardinal GraiircUa,
pp. 87 et seq., Berlin, 1895.
M. K.
ANTONIO, HECTOR
Brother of Diogo AnHe was the representative of the Portuguese tonio. Maranos in Rome about the middle of the sixteenth century, commissioned to adjust the finances of his brother, and to convey to Pope Paid III. a com:
against the inquisitor-in-chief, the CardinalInfante Don Henricjue. The Portuguese amba.ssador at the Vatican urged the immediate imprisonment of the fugitive ilarano. but he was saved by the inAntonio's elTorts on behalf tercession of the pope. of his suffering brethren met with no success. jilaint
Bibliography pp.
221i.
KayserlinK, Gesch. der
Juden in Portnuah
LW.
M. K.
ANTONIO, JOSE DA SILVA. Antonio,
.losi-:
See Silva,
ha,
ANTONIO DE MENDES. tonio UK, ANTONIO DE VERONA
See Mendes, An(called also
Maria
Jew. resident in England from proballV2;j-'25. who seems to have been a teacher bly of Hebrew at King's College. Cambridge, the books of which record a grant of £2 (SIO) to him in 1623-24. Queen Ileurierta Maria gave him a letter of recommendation to Oxford L'niversity, Jan. 19, 1625. He is probably the s;ime Jew who had a pension of £40 (S200) granted him at Cambridge (Calendar of State Papers Domestic, 1625-26, p. 98).
Antonio)
Italian
—
—
—
Bibuoorapbt: Athenwum, Aug.
ANTXJNES
27, Sept. 3, 10, 1887.
Family name of several prominent
.Tews.
Aaron Antunes
Hakam of Amsterdam; lived He is known as a correspondent of many rabbis of his daj', among them Jacob Mahler. about the year 1715.
658
rabbi of Dils.seldorf. He left a commentary on the "Sayingsof the Fathers "(written at Naerden. 1723), and a halakie treatise. " .Mattih Aharon " (.Varon's Kod). both of which are still extant in manuscript. Luis Antunes: A victim of the Inquisition at Coimbra; born in 1672. He was .sentenced to imprisonment for life for his profession of Juilaisin. Manuel Antunes, of I.ainego. his biotlur Ra-
phael, and his sisters Clara and Beatriz, met wiih the same fall'. Others known under this name are: David Antunes, author of a poem on the martyrs .M.in os ila Alnifvcla lii-riial and Alir.ihani Xunes Bcrnal lived in Anistcrdam. lt!55; Gabriel Antunes, a relative of David, settled in Barbados in 1680; and Aaron de Solomon Antunes, printer in Ainst<.'rdam from
1715 to 1720. BiiiLiocKAniv
Rcruc Orientale,
1.
280.
M. K.
ANTWERP
Chief seaport of the kingdom of
Belgium; capital of the province bearing the same name. It is impossible to say at what time Jews commenced to settle in the city, as all early data are wanting. In the fourteenth century, however, a certain number of Jews must have resided in Antwerp; fi>r in the Jlemorbuch of .Mayence. as well as in that of Deutz. mention is made of a place called "Antdorf." in connection with Brabant. Mc'chlin, and Brussels, as one of the plates where the .lews suffered martyrdom at the time of the Black Death, There can be no doubt that Antweri) in 1348-50. is intended ("Rev. £t. Juives." viii. 136; Salfeld. "Das Martyrologium des Nurnberger Memorbuches." p. 286; Koenen, "Geschiednis der Joden in
Nederland,"
p. 74).
uncertain whether or not the Jews of Antwerp sullered with those of Brabant and Luxemburg who were driven out of these districts in 1359 after the famous trial at Brussels, at which several had been charged with desecrating the Host of Saint It
is
Gudule. vaile<l
A
here;
more humane for in
MSO
spirit seems to have prethe authorities succeeded
obtaining a charter |ic-rmitting Jews to .settle the express condition, however, that they should give no occasion for scandal. Antwerp reached the height of its prosiierity in As a comthe early part of the sixteenth century. mercial city it became the center of the East Indian trade of the Portuguese; and many of the rich merchants and bankers of Lisbon had branch houses here. In 1.536, according to a document in the Belgian state archives, Charles V. gave i)ermission This docto Maranos to settle in the Netherlands. ument, as well as many others relating to the Jews of " the period, is not to be found in the "Plakajilboek but it has been shown that this collecof Brabant tion, made in 164^. was at a later time Maranos expurgated. The magistrates of Antt e d werp must have been overjoyed at this Doinicili- promise; for not only was the welfare aryRig-hts. of the city a matter of their concern, but they seem always to have been actuated by a spirit of tolerance not common at this period. When the letters patent of this decree reached them in 1537. they, in allixing their official seal to the document, added the words "Le tout sans fraudeou mal engin." The Maranos were only too willing to make use of this iierinission. and proceeded to acquire houses and set up their businesses One of these was the rich Main their new home. rano Francisco Mendes, a member of the well-known At the head of the branch of his Nasi familv. in
among them, upon
Gran
