'" the " AVisdom literatiirp, beiiii; found in Job, xxviii. I'mv. xv. 11 Ps. Ixxxviii. 12. 22, xxvi. G, xxxi. 12 In Prov. xxvii. 20 tin- Hibrew text has Abuddoh, liut the marginal reading has Abaddon. G. B. L.-K.
Msirano of the a project to subAni.tron; failing in tliis, he
He cn^agrd
in
vert the Inquisition in joined in a i)l<it to assassinate the inijuisitor Pedro Arbues. wlio was killed on Seiilember 15, 1485. Juan was apprehended, and. according to Graetz. committed suicide- in prison. Kayserling states that liis attempt at suieiile was unsuccessful, and that lie was drawn, quartered, and consigned to the flames. KavsiTlinc, BniLKKiit.vPHY I'drlkiuatiim nf Ihr Jews,
fews,
tin
I'lirinliiiilur etc., pp.
tlU,
CiiliimhunniKl
37
Graetz,
llir
HMiiru
Iv. 329-331.
A.
ABADIAS
Son of Jkzelus, one of the sons of
of those who returned with In the corresponiling list of called Obadiah. the son of Jchiel. G. B. L.
Joalp. louiid in the
Ezra
Esd.
(1
Ezra.
viii. U,
ABAGTHA i.
list
viii. ;i5).
he
is
A
chamberlain of Ahasuerus (Esth. The name is probably of Persian origin. G. B. L.
10).
ABANA A
river rising in the Anti-Libanus.
through Damascus, and disappi'aring in the Meailow lakes. Hcference to it is found only once in the I$ible (II Kings, v. 12). in the exclamation of Naanmn. "Are not Abana and Pharpar. rivers of Damascus, better llianall tlic waterscpf Israel? " At the present time it is known as Nahr Banida (see Am. a). The proper reading of the name is jtrobIlowin^-
Amana." as given
ably
"
12."
Si
illiivir.'ilinn
in the
on opposite
AcW
of II Kings, G. B. L.
v.
|iage.
ABABBANEL. Sic Anit.UA.NKi.. ABAKBANEL library in JERUSALEM ks inlen<leil for . conection of (^J3-I3}{ ;;'-nDi a national .lewish library; foundecl l)y Dr. Joski'h ('ll.z..sovKZ, one of the Ziojiist leaders in Kussia, who devoted almost the whole of his income to the In 1!W0 the library concollection of Hebrew book.s. tained more than 15.(MM) voUimes, nearly all of which had been sent from Hyeloslok. where Dr. Chazano:
become a center lloiv City. library in 1899. tlic
Bibliogbapht:
Abaye
for the diffusion of
Ephraim Cohen was
S. Al)el,
knowledge
The Xatiimal Jcvish Library
Jiriimlem. In Jewish Comment, June
1,
in
director of the in
1900, p. 2.
G.
ABADIA, JTJAN DE LA: A liftiunth ciutiiry.
I,!
Ab, Fifteenth Day of
THE JEWISH EXCYCLOPEDIA
27
1
ABARIM("The
—
Parts Beyond"; that
is,
Biblical Data: A term applied to the Jordan). From its most the edge of the .Ioal)ile plateau. prominent headland. Mount Xebo, the western part xxii. 20; Num. of Ju<lea was plainly visible (Jer. xxvii. 12, xxiii. 47; beit. xxxii. 49, and see Ezek. G. B. L. xlix. 11, revised text, " 8. B. O. T.") .
In Rabbinical Literature
The
Jlidrash re-
names; Abarim, This is llor, Nel.o, and the Heights of Pisgah. accomited for liy the tact that the mountain was situated on the frontiers of four adjoining kingdoms. Since all were proud to have a share in Palestine, each regarded the mountain as belonging to itself and gave it a suitable name (Sifre, Deut. xxxvii; lij/j, ed. Friedmann). L. G. mai'kstbat
tliis iiHiuiilaiii
lias
linir
ABAYE (called also Abayi, Abaya, Abbaye): Baliylonian amora born about the elnse of the third century; died 8:i9 (see AcADlsMiKs in Uaisvi.oma). His father. Kaylil. was the brother of Habbah bar Nahmaiu. a teacher at the Academy of Pumbedita. Abaye's real name was Xahmani. after his grandfat lier; but being left an orphan at an early age, he wasadojited liy his uncle. Habbah bar Nahmani.who nicknamed liim Abaye ("Little Father"), to avoid confusion with his grandfather of the same name, and thenceforth he was known as Abaye. without any <ither title. It is a curious fact that he perpetuated the mcniiiry of his f<ister-mothi'r. |irobably a slave in Kabbah's househ<ild. by mentioning her name in many popular recipes and dietetic |irecepts. some of which seem to be based on superstitious notions. He introduced each reciiie with the phrase. "My mother Abaye's teachers were his uncle Halibah told me." an<l Joseph bar Hama, both of whom successively became presidents of the Pumliedita Academy. When Josi'ph died (3;i:!). this dignity was conferred upon Abaye. who retained it until liisdeath some live years later. Kabbah trained him in the application of the dialectic method to halakic problems, and Jose])h, with his stores of traditional lore, taught him to appreciate the value of iiositive knowledge. Suiierior as Abaye no doubt was in his dialectic analysis of halakic sentences, he was. nevertheless, surpassed in this regard by Kaba. with whom he had been closely associated from early youth. To the disputati<ins between these amoiaim we owe the develoimicnt of the ilialectic method in the treatment of halakic raditions. Their debates are known as the "Hawayot de-Abaye we-Kjiba" (Debates of Abaye and Kiiba). the subjects of which were then considered such essential elements of Talmudie knowledge that by an anachronism they were thought to be known to Joharian ben Zakkai. who lived some Their halakic controcenturies before (Suk. 2.S(). versies are scattered throughout the Babylonian Talmud. With the exception of six of his decisions, the opinions of Kaba were always accepted as linal. Abiiye was never so happy as when one of his disciples had completed thesludy of a Mishnah Ireati.s*'. On such occasions he always gave a feast to his pupils (Shall. IIH/;), though "his circumstances were needy, and wine never appeared upon his talile. Mis peace loving disposition and his sinci-re piety are well exhibited in his maxims (Her. 17<0 among which occur the following " He mild in speech su|>pres.s vour wrath; and maintain gotHlwill in intercourse
t
Eli'vatlnn ef Aluirluiiirl I.lhrnry.
wicz was a ]>nietising physician. A movement was on foot in lUOO to build a modern tire-proof libniry building in which to house the collection, which has
beyond
.
