"Ag. Pal. Amor."). academy at Tiberias,
Abbiihu where
Haiiinu to the
.sfiit
lie liiiiiself
had
stuilied;
but the lad oeeupicd himself with the burial nf the dead, and on hearing ot this, the father sent him a reproaehful message in this laeonie style: "Is it because there are no graves in (';esirea (cnmiiare E.. xiv. 11) that I have svu theenlV In Tiberias'.' Study must preeeile practise " (Ver. I'es. iii. ;ii)/<). Abbahu left behind him a miml)er of diseijiles, the mo.st prominent among whonx were the leaders of the fourth amoraie generation. H. Jonah and H. Jose. At Aliliahu's death the mourning was so great that
was
it
tears "
"Even
said.
K.
(.I.
'ir,h;
the statues of Casarea Ver. 'Ab. Zarah, iii. 4-iO
There are several oilier Alibahus mentioned Tabnudim and Midrashini. iimminenl anmng
Abbahu (Abulia.
Aibiil)
shed in
the
whom
a lialiyloiiian balakist. contemporary of Samuel and Anau ('Er. 74«). and brother of Minyamin (lien jamin) b. Ihi. While this Abbahu repeatedly applied to Samuel for information, Samuel in return learned nianjHalakot from him (Naz. 240; li. .M. 14'(, ')(( sec is
Abbahu
THE JEWISH EXCYCLOPEDIA
37
b. llii (lltaii.
If '
I
man
Abbas, Judah
say. I am God.' he lieth. and -if he sa.v, the son of man,' he will have to repent, aiid he say. I shall go up to heaven.' he will not do nor achieve what he promises" (Yer. Ta'anit,
a
'
am
'
if it.
(J.Vj).
ii.
Some
of his controversies on Christian theologsubjects, as on .dam ( Valk., Gen. 47), on Enoch (Gen. I{. '2.5), and on the resurrection (Shab. 15'2A), arc less clear and direct (see Baclier, "Ag. Pal. Amor." ical
K.]
97, ll.'>-118).
ii.
ABBAS lists
This name does not appear in the long names in pre-Islamic Arabia, nor does
of Jewish
it occur among the Jews in general until the twelfth century. This shows that there is not much evidence to support the theory that the name was used as an Arabic eciuivalent of Judah ("Lion"). The correct meaning of Abbas is "man of stern countenance," the term "lion" being merely secondary.
BiBLio(iR.PHV
Steinsclineidcr, Jcif.
Quart. licr.
xl. :C!2.
HiR. Editorand printer II.
ABBAS
(ABAS),
AARON:
Bex.j.mis b. Ihi).
at Amstenlaiii. al
BlBI.KJcinpiiv:
of two works: (1) known unilcr the name of"Per!d.i Matteli Aharon " (Amsterdam, 17113), the title-page of which is adorned with artistic wooilcuts rcpiesenting .scenes from the life of the high priest Aaron. The book contains, in the nature of a preface, a dedicatory e|)istle, by Azriel ha-Kohen Peiahyah, addres.seil to Isaac Emanuel Helmontcand
Griitz, f;..<r)i.(/../m/(ii.2(lcil..lv..aM,3(i7-3ir: J(>sl. fttMi-li. '/« X JuilfiilhuiiiH utnl urittir .S'(7i/( n, ii. llSl-ItU Knuikvl. .U.7..I, pp. .Vvi-i«i; Weiss, ;>>r. 111. lIKi-KiJ: Iluilier,
Au-
I't'l.
Amur.
II.
Hs-n;;.
S.
M.
["When
does your Messiah come? " a Christian (Minaah) once asked Abbahu in a lone of mockery; whereupon he reiilied " W'lien you will be wrapped neholil. darkness shall cover in darkness, for it says, the earth, and gross darkness the nations; llii'U .shall the Lord lise upon thee and His glory shall be seen
'
A'C'hrislian came [Isa. I.. 2]." (Sanli. Whi). Abbahu with llu' i|uibbling ([Uestion " How <onld your God in His priestly holiness bury Moses with-
on thee
'
to
out providing for purilicalory riles, yet oceans are "Why," .said declared insiilticienl ? " (Isa. .l. Vi). Abbahu, "does it not say. The Lord <Mimetli with 1.")), "Fire is the true element of lire' V" (Is!i. I.wi. purilication, according to Num. ..i. M." was his Another (|uesti(in of the same (Sanli. !!!)'().
answer
character; "Why the boaslful claim 'What nation on earth is like Thy people Israel (II Sam. vii. 23), since we read. 'All the nations are as nolhiiig before Him "/" (Isji. .l. IT), to which .Vbliahu nplieil: " Ho
He was
century.
Aaron
ln^iniiiiig of the eighteenth
llic
the
piililislier
Peral.iyah's respoiisa,
Solomon Curiel. (2) The Talmudic treatise Hagigall (Amsterdam, 170(1). which seems to have formed part of an attempted com|)lele edition of the Babylonian Talmud by various editors. See Ami.s, IJAl'iiAF.I, IIF.N
Josiiu.x.
Biiii.iodRAPHV:
StPlnselinelder, Cat. Diiill. col. "2.5; mill. Hihr. ill. 70 (s.v.ylDtd), 80; Ersch and Gruber, hlnuiidie. xxvlU. tiO, note 98.
Wolf,
£ncM-
W.
31.
ABBAS, JOSEPH: No.
maiiii."
4.")
cenlury.
Copyist of "MS. Kaufflivcdat the end of the sevcnteentli H. HiR.
'
he shall not be reckoned among the nations "!" (N'lim. xxiii. !l, Sanli. as above). Abbahu made a nolable exception willi reference to the Toscfta's stalemeiit that llie (iilionini Lvangels) and other books of the Minaans are not to he saved from a conllagnition on Sabbalb (Sliab. IKix); "the books of those at Ahid.^n may be saved." Of special histoiical interest isthe observation of Abbiihu in n-gard to the benediclioii " IJiirnk Sliem Kebod .Mulkulo (Blessed lie the Name of His gliiriniis Kingdom) after llie"Sliema' Yismel," tlial in I'alesI inc. where the Chrislians look for points of conlioversy. the words .should be recited aloud (lest the Jews be accused of tampering willi the unity of (tod proclaimed in the Shema'). whereas in the Haliy Ionian cily of Nehardea, where there are no Christians, the words are recited Preaching direclly with a low voice (Pes. !iiii). against the Chrislian dogma, Ablialiu says: " . king of tiesh and bl may have a father, a brollier. or n son to simrc in or dispiile his sovereignly, bill tlu' Lord sailli. am the Lord thy (ioil I am the lirsl thai is, that is, I have no falher, and I am the last I have no brollu-r, and besides me there is no (iod; that is, I have no son'" (Isa, xliv. 0; Ex. U. 2!t|, His eonimeiil on Num. xxiii. lit has a still mori> polemical lone: "(Sod is not a man llial he should lie; neilhcr the Son nf man, thai he should repent.
we not read of Israel,
'
(
"
I
'
I
!
OF FEZ
ABBAS, JTTDAH
IBN,
A poet, and aullKH' nf the /iii/"( "'Kl Sli;i'are Ha/on." lie was the lir--l Jew kiiou 11 by the name (pf Abbas; died at .Mosul in 1 Ui:!. His .Viabic name was .bii .al Baga ibn Abbas al-Maghribi. All.iari/.i (Tal.ikcnioni. .Mak. iii.) states that .ludali left the Maghreb and went to the East, where he lived now in Bagdad, and now in Aleppo, and that he had a son who was refractory. Jiidali is evidently identical with the father of Samuel, who became a convert lo Islam, and who speaks of his father as Judah b. Abun. The latter is mentinned in the "Poetics" of Moses ibn E/ra. He is said lo have been a friend of Judah ha Levi. The <iillcctor of Ha-Lcvi's " Diwan " has preserved one of the poems of Judab which called forth au answer from Ha Levi. Iluu.IoiuiAPiiv
Luzzntto,
fiftitltit
Imt
l'(7iiet*i/i. p. 1.1;
Lnnds-
liii-'Aliiiiliili,<- •l"'l; Hvil/..<ll^<l•ll.ll.Ju•lnl, SU'lnscliiK'Icler, lot. 1I<hII. {••.'M:l: IIiihIv's Z. (r. mill. UI. ITS; J/oiia(«i(-/iri/(,xlll. 1^1.411.
liulli. '.liiiMii"
vl. /.
i;«
Ihhr.
H. IIlU.
ABBAS, JUDAH
B.
SAMUEL, BEN: A
This fnrm of Spaiiiiinl lit the lliiilcciilli cenlury. his name is aiilheiiticated in the headings of his
two works
in "
MS. Loewe,"
viii.
namely,
(ir)
"
Min-
hat Vehudali," a fragment of two leav<'s only, also I'nder styled " Mckor Hayyim " (Source of Life). Ihe laller title the wurk is ipioteil in {/•) " Yair Judah Nelib." also styled "Shebet Yehudah." alllrms that he composed this work at Ihe age of
