and "Shulamit" was played with considerable success in Polish, German, and Hungarian translations.
Bibliography: Sefer Zikkaron, p. 18, Warsaw, 1390; Ha-Meliẕ, No. 153; Eisenstein, The Father of the Jewish Stage, in Jewish Comment, Nov. 1, 1901 ; Hapgood, Spirit of the Ghetto, pp. U9 et seq.. New York, 1902; Wiernik, Abraham, Goldfaden, In Minikes' Hebrew Holiday Papers, vol. iv., No. 33; Jew. Chron. Oct. 13, 1899.
J. P. Wi.
GOLDFOGLE, HENRY MAYER: Ameri-
can lawyer and politician ; born in New York city
May 23, 1856 ; educated in the public schools and at
Townsend College ; admitted to the bar 1877. Gold-
fogle was elected judge of the municipal court,
New York city, 1888, and reelected, unopposed,
1893. He resigned to resume the practise of law in
1900. He has taken part in every Democratic state
convention, as delegate, during the past twenty -two
years, and in 1896 was elected delegate to the Dem-
ocratic national convention. He served several
terms as grand president of District No. 1, Independ-
ent Order of B'nai B'rith, and also as governor of
the Home for the Aged and Infirm, Yonkers. As
representative of the ninth district. New York city,
he was elected to the Fifty-seventh Congress (1901),
and was reelected for the same district to the Fifty-
eighth Congress (1903). During the year 1902 he
took steps in Congress looking to the removal of
the restrictions placed upon American Jews travel-
ing in Russia.
A. F. H. V.
GOLDMAN, BERNARD: Austrian deputy; born at Warsaw Feb. 30, 1842; died at Lemberg March 23, 1901. His father, Isaac Goldman, was the owner of a Hebrew printing establishment. Bernard attended the rabbinical school in Warsaw under the direction of the censor Tugendhold. At the out- break of the Polish revolution in 1863 he was ar- rested in a synagogue and sentenced to banishment in Siberia. He managed to escape, however, and, after a brief stay in Paris, settled in Lemberg (1870). In 1876 Goldman was elected to the Galician Land- tag as deputy for Lemberg, and tliereafter took an active interest in the welfare of the Gralician Jews. In the council of the Jewish community, of which he was a member, he especially promoted the edu- cation of his coreligionists. In the year 1894 he was decorated by the emperor with the ribbon of the Order of Francis Joseph.
s. J. C.
GOIiDMANN, EDWIN ELLEN: German physician; born at Burghersdorp, Cape Colony, Nov. 12, 1862; studied medicine at the universities of Breslau, Freiburg, and London, graduating (M.D.) in 1888. After having been for half a year assistant at Weigert's pathological-anatomical institute at Frankfort-on-the-Main, he became assistant at the university surgical hospital in Freiburg, which position he held until 1898. He was admitted to the medical faculty of the university as privat- docent in 1891, was appointed assistant professor in 1895, and became chief physician at the hospital of the evangelical sisters at Freiburg in 1898.
Goldmann has contributed several essays to pro- fessional journals: "Zeitschrift ftir Physiologische
Karl Goldmark.
Chemie," " Centralblatt fttr Pathologie," "Beitrage zur Klinischen Chirurgie, " etc. He published, with Middeldorp, "Croup und Diphterie."
s. F. T. H.
GOLDMARK, KARL : Hungarian violinist, pianist, and operatic composer ; born at Keszthely^ Hungary, May 18, 1830, where his father, Ruben Goldmark, was cantor in the synagogue. Kari re- ceived a rudimentary musical education from a schoolmaster in his native town, and at the age of twelve entered the school at- tached to the Oeden- burger Musikverein. At a concert given by that society in 1843 Goldmark displayed such talent that his parents decided to send him to Vienna, where, after a preparatory course with Jansa (1843-44), he entered the Conservatorium, becoming a pupil of BOhm (violin) and Preyer (harmony). Here he continued his
studies until the outbreak of the revolution in 1848, when he was compelled to enter the army.
Upon completing his term of service his eldest
brother, Joseph Goldmark, enabled him to continue
his musical studies. Shortly after
Musical Karl entered the Berlin Conservato-
Studies. rium, his brother, who had been an active participant in the insurrection and who was suspected of complicity in the assas- sination of Minister of War La Tour, was compelled to leave Hungary, and Karl was constrained to sus- pend his studies and to seek an engagement in a theater orchestra. In this he was successful ; and after a brief career as an orchestral player in Raab, Hungary, he in 1850 secured a position as violinist in the Josefstadter Theater, Vienna.
It was not until 1852 that Goldmark began to compose, his first efforts showing clearly the influ- ence of Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy. In 1857 he gave a concert of his own compositions, which proved a great success, and he determined, notwith- standing the offer of an engagement at the Vienna Carltheater, to discontinue his career as an orchestral player.. In 1864 he wrote his overture to " Sakun- tala," a composition which rapidly became popular and served to establish the fame of the composer.
Goldmark's next composition, the "Queen of Sheba," was played on March 10, 1875, at the Vienna opera-house. Its reception was a most en- thusiastic one, and the composer was His Compo- compelled to appear forty times before sitions. the curtain. The " Queen of Sheba " has since been performed in nearly all the principal cities of Europe and America; in Eng- land, however, in consequence of the Biblical nature of the subject, its production was forbidden. The number of performances in Budapest alone amounted
