Goldschniidt, Julius Goldschmidt, Meiir Aaron
the local gymnasium, and studied law at the uni- versities of Heidelberg, Leipsic, and Marburg. He was first referendar and then (in 1888) became " Ge- richtsassessor " in his native city. Soon thereafter he embraced a literary career. He published, among other works, a social novel, "Ein Weg zumPrieden " (1890), and in the following years he wrote the plays "Fortuna," "Der Preie Wille," "Goldene Luge," "Hans der Traumer," "Ewige Liebe," "Ein Gluck- liches Paar, " and " Frau Lill, " all of which have been produced on German and foreign stages, including the court theaters of Berlin, Vienna, Munich, the
Berliner Deutsches Theater, etc.
S.
GOLDSCHMIDT, JULIUS: German physi- cian ; born at Mayence Feb. 12, 1843. He studied at the universities of Wilrzburg and Giessen, receiv- ing from the latter his degree as doctor of medicine in 1866. Accompanying in the same year a patient to Madeira, he established himself there as a physi- cian, and soon became one of the leading practi- tioners. In Funohal, the capital of the island, he founded and endowed an international hospital for sailors. In 1896 he removed to Paris, where he is now (1903) practising.
Goldschmidt's special field is the treatment of pul- monary diseases and leprosy, on which latter disease he is a high authority. It was partly tlirough his endeavors and infiuence that in 1897 a congress for the consideration of leprosy was convened at Berlin.
Among Goldschmidt's essays may be mentioned: " Sur la Curabilite de la LSpre, " in " Bulletin de Mede- cine," ix. ; "Erste Behandlung der Lepra Durch Tuberculin," in "Deutsche Medizinische Wochen- schrif t, " 1891 ; " Kochsche Reaction und Heilwirkung bei Lepra Tuberosa," ib. 1892, No. 4; "Wirkung der Tuberculosis auf Lepra," iJ. No. 15; "Immu- nitat Gegeu Influenza Durch Vaccinirung mit Ani- maler Lymphe," ib. No. 45; "Behandlung und Heilung der Lepra Tuberosa mit Europhen," in " Therapeutische Monatsschrif t, " 1893; "Zur Aetio- logie und Prophylaxis der Lepra," in "Berliner Klinische Wochenschrift," 1894.
He is also the author of the following wox-ks: " Madere, Etudiee Comme Station d'Hiver et d'Ete, " 3d ed., Paris, 1884; "Madeira und Seine Bedeutung als Heilungsort" (with Mittermeyer), 2d ed., Leip- sic, 1885; "Die Lepra auf Madeira," ib. 1891; "La LSpre," Paris, 1894. Bibliogkaphy: Pagel, Biog. Lex. s.v., Leipsic, 1901.
s. F. T. H.
GOLDSCHMIDT, LAZARUS: German wri- ter ; born at Plungiany, Lithuania, Russia, Dec. 17, 1871. He received his rabbinical education at the Talmudic school in Slobodki, near Kovno. In 1888 he went to Germany, and in 1890 entered the Berlin University, where, under the guidance of Professors Dillmann and Schrader, he devoted himself to the study of Oriental languages, especially Ethiopic. Goldschmidt, who at present (1903) lives at Berlin, has published the following works: "Das Buch Henoch," retranslated from the Ethiopic into He- brew, and edited with introduction, notes, and explanations (Berlin, 1892); "Bibliotheca Aethio- pica, " a list and description of all the known Ethiopic
prints (Leipsic, 1898); "Das Buch der SchOpfung (ni'S' IDD)," critical text, translation notes, etc. (Frankfort-on-the-Main, 1894); "Baraita de-Ma'ase Bereshit," the story of the Creation, ascribed to Arzelai bar Bargelai (Strasburg, 1894; this sup- posed Midrash is an Aramaic translation of the Ethi- opic " Hexaeraeron " of Pseudo-Epiphanias, edited by Trumpp in Ethiopic with a German translation, Munich, 1882, and the name of the supposed author is an anagram of Goldschmidt's Hebrew name, Elie- zer ben Gabriel); "Vita do Abba Daniel," Ethiopic text, published, translated, and annotated in col- laboration with P. M. E. Pereira (Lisbon, 1897); "Die Aethiopischen Handschriften der Stadtbibli- othek zu Frankfurt a. M." (Berlin, 1897). In the year 1896 Goldschmidt commenced the publication of the Babylonian Talmud (from the editio priTieeps), with German translation, variants, and explanations. Up to the present (1903) the sections Zera'im and Mo'ed have been pui)lished, together with a part of the section Neziljin. Both the edition of the text and the translation have been severely criticized by David Hoffmann in Brody's "Zeitschrift fur Hebraische Bibliographie," i. 67-71, 100-103, 153- 155, 181-185. Goldschmidt replied in a pamphlet, "Die Recension des Herrn Dr. D. Hoffmann Uher Meine Talmudausgabe im Lichte der Wahrheit," Charlottenburg, 1896. See also " Theologische Li- teraturzeitung," 1896, pp. 477-479, and 1897, pp. 631-633. D. L. Gbu.
GOLDSCHMIDT, LEVIN: German jurist; born at Danzig May 30, 1839 ; died at WilhelmshOhe July 16, 1897. From 1847 to 1851 he pursued his studies at the universities of Berlin, Bonn, and Heidelberg, receiv. ing his doctor's de- gree in 1851 from the University of Halle. He practised for sev- eral years in the courts of Danzig, be- came privat-docent at the University of Heidelberg in 1855, and was appointed associate professor in 1860. In the years 1857-60 he published "Kritik des Ent- wurfs eines Handels- gesetzbuchs filr die Preussischen Staat- en" and "Gutachten ilber den Entwurf
eines Deutschen Handelsgesetzbuchs nach den Besch- lussen Zweiter Lesung," which at once attracted at- tention to him as a critical jurist. During the same period he published "Der Lucca-Pistoja-Aktien- streit," Prankfort-on-the-Main, 1859 (Supplement, 1861). He is the founder (1858) of the "Zeitschrift fur das Gesammte Handelsrecht."
Goldschmidt's scholarship was next displayed in his " Encyclopadie der Rechtswissenschaft im Grund- riss," Heidelberg, 1862. He then began the great
Levin Goiaschmldt.
