G-omperz Gopher-Wood
THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA
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GOMPEBZ, BENJAMIN : Austrian physician ; born at Vienna Oct. (i, lb(51. He was educated at the Leopoldstadter communal gymnasium and the Uni- versity of Vienna, and received tlie degree of doctor of medicine in 1885. He was appointed assistant at the liospital of the university (1885-1900), and subse- quently established himself in the Austrian capital as a physician and specialist in aural and nasal dis- eases. Since 1897 lie has been curator of the Baronin Hirsch Kaiser-.Tubilaums-Wohlthatigkeit-Stiftung.
Goraperz has written many essays for the medical journals; e.q.: "Das Weiche Papillare Fibrom der Unteren Nasenmuschel," in " Monatsschrif t fiir Ohrenheilkunde," 1889, No. 3; "Erfahrungenilber die Verschliessbarkeit Alter TrommelfelHicken," in the " Wieuer Klinische Wochenschrift," 189G; and a number for the " Oesterreiclnsch-Uugarische Ceu- tralblatt fur die Medizinischen Wissenschaften." His " Beitrage zur Pathologischen Anatomie des Ohres"was published in the "Archiv filr Ohren- heilkunde. " Other essays appeared in the " Central- blatt filr die Gesammte Therapie," in the "Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift," and in the "Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift. "
s. P. T. H.
GOMPEBZ - BETTEIiHEIM. See Bettel-
HEIM.
GOMPEBZ, JULIUS, BITTEB VON : Aus- trian merchant and statesman ; brother of Theodor Gomperz ; born at Brilnn 1834 ; studied at the gym- nasium and Pliilosophische Lehranstalt there. In 18."i9 he became a member of the chamber of com- merce (president in 1873). He took his scat in the Moravian diet In 1861 ; and in 1871 he was a member of the Lower House, entering the Upper House in the year following. In this year he was knighted and decorated with the Order of the Austrian Crown (3d class). He is also an officer of the French Legion of Honor. Gomperz is one of the owners of the cloth-factory of Auspitz Enkel at Bi'ilnn, and a member of the firm of Phihpp Gomperz of Vienna. For many years he was president of the Jewish congregation of Brilnn. S.
GOMPEBZ, THEODOB : Austrian philologist ; born at Brlina March 39, 1833. His great-grandfather, Benedictus Levi Gomperz, was the financial agent of the duchy of Cleve, whose influence with the Dutch government was exemplified by his suc- cessful intercession (1745) In behalf of the Jews of Bohemia and Moravia when they were to be expelled from these countries (see BonEMiA; Maeia The- resa; comp. David Kaufmann, "Barthold Do we Burmania und die Vertreibung der Juden aus Milhren," in "Gratz Jubelschrift," pp. 379-313).
Toward the close of the eighteenth century Bene- dictus' son, Theodor Gomperz, went to Briinn, Moravia, where he held a modest position in the internal revenue service of the Austrian govern- ment under Joseph II. Soon afterward, however, he retired from public life and devoted himself to business, in which he acquired a moderate fortime. The business was continued by his sons, the father and uncle of Theodor Gomperz, the subject of this biography, both of whom attained to positions of trust and respect in the community.
Gomperz entered the University of Vienna in 1849, and studied classical philology under Hermann Bonitz and philosophy under Robert Zimmermann. He especially applied himself to the study of the works of Spinoza and James and John Stuart Mill; the works of the last-named he subsequently trans- lated into German (Leipsic, 1869-80).
Gomperz became privat-docent in 1867, assistant professor in 1869, and professor of classical philol- ogy in 1873. He is honorary Ph.D. of thcUniver- sity of Konigsberg and " doctor litterarum " of the University of Dublin. He became corresponding member of the Vienna Academy of Sciences in 1868, and full member in 1883. He is also corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Science^. In 1901 he was appointed by the emperor Francis Joseph member of the Austrian House of Lords.
Gomperz's principal writings are: "Philodemi de Ira Liber," 1864; "Demosthenes als Staatsmann," 1864; " Herculaneische Studien," 1865 ; "Beitrage zur Kritik und Erklarung Griechischer Schriftstellery" 1875-90; "Herodoteische Studien," 1883; "Ueberein Bisher Unbekanntes Griechisches Schriftsystem aus derMittedes4. Vorchristlichen Jahrhunderts," 1884; " Platonische Aufsatze, " 1887 ; " Ueberdie Charaktere Theophrasts," 1888; "Die Schrift vom Staatswesen der Athener," 1891. He resigned his professorship a few 3'ears ago to devote his entire energy to his main work, "Griechische Denker," which began to ap- pear in 1893 (3 vols. ; vol. i. transl. into English by L. Magnus). Gomperz declares the object of his under- taking to be " to present a comprehensive picture of this department of knowledge " as a kind of pro- legomena to an " exhaustive universal history of the mind of antiquity." Each volume is divided into three books.
Bibliography: Meyers Knnversatvms-Lexikon ; Brockbaus, Kimversatinns-Lexikon ; La Grande Eiicyelopedie^ s.v. ; Th. Gomperz, Erlnnenmqen aus Meinem Leben, I., in Deutsche Revue (ed. E. Fleischer), June, 1903, pp. 305-310.
S. GONZALO GABCIA DE SANTA MABIA: Spanish bishop and enemy of the Jews; born at Bur- gos in 1379; baptized as a boy of eleven, together with his father, Paul de Burgos or de S. Maria. He was appointed Archdeacon of Briviesca in 1413, and then successively Bishop of Astorga, of Placentia, and of Sigueaza. Besides his classical and historical studies, he made himself familiar with Jewish litera- ture, and was one of the most learned men of his time in Spain. Qonzalo showed his hostility to the Jews at every opportunity. He was sent to the council at Basel as a delegate from Aragon, and was one of those who instigated the decisions hostile to the Jews which were formulated there. Gonzalo was entrusted with the oversight of the punctilious execution of the laws against the Jews which had been decreed by the anti-pope Benedict XIII., and, on the advice of Paul de S. Maria, by Juan I. and other Castilian kings.
BiHUOGRAPHT : Hios, Hist. Hi. 20etseq.: idem, Estudtos, pp. 379 et seq.; Gratz, Gescli. viii. 135, 185.
G. M. K.
GONZALO, MABTINEZ (also called Martin de las Castillas) : A poor Spanish knight who was promoted to high ofjces tlirough the instrumentality of Joseph de Ecija, in whose service he was. He
