be submitted to, in the formation of the legislature. But it is unwise, as well as unnecessary, in the constitution of the executive. In the legislature promptitude of decision is not of great importance. It is more often an evil, than a benefit. Differences of opinion in that department may, indeed, sometimes retard salutary measures; but they often lead to more circumspection and deliberation, and to more perfection and accuracy in the laws. A resolution, once passed by a legislative body, becomes a law; and opposition to it is either illegal or impolitic. Before it becomes a law, opposition may diminish the mischiefs, or increase the good of the measure. But no favourable circumstances palliate, or atone for the disadvantages of dissension in the executive department. The evils are here pure and unmixed. They embarrass and weaken every plan, to which they relate, from the first step to the final conclusion. They constantly counteract the most important ingredients in the executive character, vigour, expedition, and certainty of operation. In peace, distraction of the executive councils is sufficiently alarming and mischievous. But in war, it prostrates all energy, and all security. It brings triumph to the enemy, and disgrace to the country.[1]
- ↑ The Federalist, No. 70.—The learned commentator on Blackstone's Commentaries was of opinion, that an executive composed of a single delegate of each state, like the "committee of congress" under the confederation, would have been better, than a single chief magistrate for the Union. If such a scheme had prevailed, we should have had at this time an executive magistracy of twenty-four persons. See 1 Tuck. Black. Comm. App. 349, 350. Surely the experience of the country, under the confederation, must have been wholly forgotten, when this scheme approved itself to the judgment of the proposer. Mr. Jefferson has told us in an emphatic manner, that the "committee of congress immediately fell into schisms and dissensions, which became at length so inveterate, as to render all cooperation among them impracticable. They dissolved themselves,
