§ 1452. The other parts of the scheme are no less entitled to commendation. The number of electors is equal to the number of senators and representatives of each state; thus giving to each state as virtual a representation in the electoral colleges, as that, which it enjoys in congress. The votes, when given, are to be transmitted to the seat of the national government, and there opened and counted in the presence of both houses. The person, having a majority of the whole number of votes, is to be president. But, if no one of the candidates has such a majority, then the house of representatives, the popular branch of the government, is to elect from the five highest on the list the person, whom they may deem best qualified for the office, each state having one vote in the choice. The person, who has the next highest number of votes after the choice of president, is to be vice-president. But, if two or more shall have equal votes, the senate are to choose the vice-president. Thus, the ultimate functions are to be shared alternately by the senate and representatives in the organization of the executive department.[1]
§ 1453. "This process of election," adds the Federalist, with a somewhat elevated tone of satisfaction,- ↑ Mr. Chancellor Kent has summed up the general arguments in favour of an election by electors with great felicity. 1 Kent's Comm. Lect. 13, p. 261, 262. And the subject of the organization of the executive department is also explained, with much clearness and force, by the learned editor of Blackstone's Commentaries, and by Mr. Rawle in his valuable labours. 1 Tucker's Black. Comm. App. 325 to 328; Rawle on Constitution, ch. 5, p. 51 to 55; 2 Wilson's Law Lectures, 186 to 189.
