Page:Joseph Story, Commentaries on the Constitution of the United States (1st ed, 1833, vol III).djvu/347

no pecuniary inducement to renounce, or desert, the independence intended for him by the constitution.^[1] The salary of the first president was fixed by congress at the sum of twenty-five thousand dollars per annum, and of the vice-president, at five thousand dollars.^[2] And to prevent any difficulty, as to future presidents, congress, by a permanent act, a few years afterwards established the same compensation for all future presidents and vice-presidents.^[3] So that, unless some great changes should intervene, the independence of the executive is permanently secured by an adequate maintenance; and it can scarcely be diminished, unless some future executive shall basely betray his duty to his successor.

§ 1481. The next clause is,

Before he enters on the execution of his office, he shall take the following oath or affirmation: I do solemnly swear, (or affirm,) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend the constitution of the United States.

§ 1482. There is little need of commentary upon this clause. No man can well doubt the propriety of placing a president of the United States under the most solemn obligations to preserve, protect, and defend the constitution. It is a suitable pledge of his fidelity and responsibility to his country; and creates upon his conscience a deep sense of duty, by an appeal at once in the presence of God and man to the most sacred and solemn sanctions, which can operate upon the human mind.^[4]

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1. The Federalist, No. 73.
2. Act of 24th September, 1789, ch. 19.
3. Act of 18th February, 1793, ch. 9.
4. See Journal of Convention, 225, 296, 361, 383.