Page:Judson Burmese Grammar.djvu/37

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parts of speech – verbs.
35

စေ causal (from စေ to send, order), as ပြု​စေ​သည် he makes (him) do, ဖြစ်​စေ let it be; when affixed to intransitive verbs, equivalent to the aspirated initial; as လွတ်​စေ​သည်, equivalent to လွှတ်​သည်, to make free, from လွတ်​သည်, to be free.

When used as an imperative or precative, the shade of meaning is frequently determinded by an intervening euphonic affix, as ဖြစ်​ပါ​လေ​စေ, may it be, ပြေး​ပါ​လေ​စေ, let it run. Combined with အုံ it makes စိမ့်.

စောက် with prefixed to the root, and followed by တော့ or သကဲ့​သို့, not proper, or desirable, as မသွား​စောက်​တော့, or မသွား​စောက်​သ​ကဲ့​သို့​ဖြစ်​သည်, it was not well to go, (on account of some evil that has just befallen).

စွ slightly intensive or emphatic, – commonly connected with the verb by a euphonic affix, and sometimes superseding the assertive affix, as ကြီး​လေစွ, it is great, indeed.

စွာ intensive, – mostly used before the participial affix သော, as ဖြတ်​စွာ​သော​သူ, a very excellent person.

ဆန်း, with the verb repeated, just that and no more, merely, nothing more, as ကြီး​ဆန်း​ကြီး​သည်, to be large merely.

ဆိတ် (from ဆိတ်, to be quiet), to be quiet, unmoved (though the occasion calls for exertion); as နေ​ဆိတ်​အည်, to remain unmoved.

ဆဲ, though put down by Pali grammarians as denoting the present tense, denotes in common usage the immediate future, as ရောက်​ဆဲရှိ​သည်, to be about to arrive, or on the point of arriving, equivalent to ရောက်​လု​ပြီ; and when repeated, and especially when prefixed by a future affix, is more directly future, as ရောက်​ဆဲဆဲ, or ရောက်​မည်​ဆဲဆဲ, to be about arriving before long.

တုံ, sometimes euphonic, but when repeated after a following verb, partaking of the nature of a continuative, and denoting alternation; as ငုတ်​တုံ​ပေါ်​တုံ​ရှိ​သည်, to be sinking and appearing by turns.

တော့, denoting a slight necessity.