Opinion of the Court
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SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES
No. 22–227
LAC DU FLAMBEAU BAND OF LAKE SUPERIOR CHIPPEWA INDIANS, ET AL., PETITIONERS v. BRIAN W. COUGHLIN
ON WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FIRST CIRCUIT
[June 15, 2023]
Justice Jackson delivered the opinion of the Court.
The Bankruptcy Code expressly abrogates the sovereign immunity of “governmental unit[s]” for specified purposes. 11 U. S. C. §106(a). The question presented in this case is whether that express abrogation extends to federally recognized Indian tribes. Under our precedents, we will not find an abrogation of tribal sovereign immunity unless Congress has conveyed its intent to abrogate in unequivocal terms. That is a high bar. But for the reasons explained below, we find it has been satisfied here.
I
Petitioner Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians (the Band) is a federally recognized Tribe that wholly owns several business entities. In 2019, one of the Band’s businesses, Lendgreen, allowed respondent Brian Coughlin to borrow $1,100 in the form of a high-interest, short-term loan. But Coughlin filed for Chapter 13 bankruptcy before he fully repaid the loan.
Under the Bankruptcy Code, Coughlin’s filing of the bankruptcy petition triggered an automatic stay against
