Cite as 351 Ark. 31 (2002)
that sometime in the near future this court will revert to its rules and require trial courts to decide constitutional questions and not allow those courts to hold their decisions in abeyance, thus requiring later "compliance hearings." We have rules and remedies, as well as legislative options, to enforce such constitutional mandates, and our court need not create new ones.
Regarding the merits of this case, I largely agree with the majority court. For example, the majority, I believe, correctly holds that courts have the authority to decide the constitutionality of the State's school funding system. Our court essentially decided that question in the case of DuPree v. Alma School Dist. No. 30, 279 Ark. 340, 651 S.W.2d 90 (1983). I also am of the view that the lower court's decisions, and our court's decision on appeal, are correct in ruling that the State's school-funding system is unconstitutional and inadequate under Article 14 of the Arkansas Constitution. While the argument is strong that this court should proclaim an adequate education to be a fundamental right, such a proclamation would add very little to the opinion, since the majority opinion clearly recognizes and mandates that the State has an absolute duty under our constitution to provide an adequate education to each school child.
Finally, I also agree with the majority decision regarding the award of attorneys' fees, only because the State waived sovereign immunity in this case. Otherwise, Lake View would not be entitled to any attorneys' fees since attorneys' fees are authorized in only two situations: (1) when fees are provided by statute (commonly labeled the "American Rule"), and (2) in illegal-exaction cases where a class action is sought and a common fund is established. See Cotten v. Fooks, 346 Ark. 130, 55 S.W.3d 290 (2001) (Glaze and Hannah, JJ., concurring) (where court refused to award fees because there was no common fund from which such fees could be paid); but see Lake View School Dist. No. 25 v. Huckabee, 340 Ark. 481, 10 S.W.3d 892 (2000) (Glaze, J., dissenting).
Here, no refund exists, but the State affirmatively recognized that Lake View's counsel were entitled to attorneys' fees, even though no statute provides for them. In these limited circum-
