attach great value and importance to sound mechanical hypotheses as means of advancing physical science, I firmly hold that they can never attain the certainty of observed facts; and, accordingly, I have labored assiduously to show that the two laws of thermodynamics are demonstrable as facts, independent of any hypothesis; and in treating of the practical application of those laws, I have avoided all reference to hypothesis whatever."
The pressure of a gas is now explained by the impacts and collisions of the molecules. But a sound hypothesis, although displaced, may afterwards turn out to be very valuable. When Crookes started on a search for Newton's corpuscles by constructing a radiometer, he was generally laughed at and his motives explained away by the received hypotheses, but in passing electric discharges through glass tubes exhausted more perfectly than had been done before, he hit on the phenomena of radiant matter, which are now explained by corpuscles much smaller than the atoms.
Rankine was a frequent attendant at the meetings of the British Association, where his social gifts, added to his scientific eminence, made him a conspicuous figure. He was president of the section of engineering, and also of the section of mathematics and physics; and rose to be "King" of the social section known as Red Lions. At the meeting held at Bath in 1864 he produced "The Three-foot Rule," a song about standards of measure, and sang it, to his own accompaniment and in the capacity of a British workman.
Folk never talked of measures that came from foreign lands;
Now I'm a British Workman, too old to go to school,
So whether the chisel or file I hold, I'll stick to my three-foot rule.
And some of deciliters, to measure beer and drams;
But I'm a British Workman, too old to go to school,
So by pounds I'll eat, and by quarts I'll drink, and I'll work by my three-foot rule.
