From the end of August the Paris agitators, who
managed the mob in the interest of a dynastic change
directed a sustained pressure against Versailles. Thouret, one of the foremost lawyers in the Assembly, who was
elected President on August I, refused the honour. He
had been warned of his unpopularity, and gave way to
threats. Yielding to the current which, as Mirabeau
said, submerges those who resist it, he went over to
the other side, and soon became one of their leaders.
The experience of this considerable man is an instance
of the change that set in, and that was frequent among
men without individual conviction or the strength of
character that belongs to it.
The downward tendency was so clearly manifest, the lesson taught by successful violence against the king and the aristocracy was so resolutely applied to the Assembly, that very serious politicians sought the means of arresting the movement. Volney, who was no orator, but who was the most eminent of the deputies in the department of letters, made the attempt on September 18. He proposed that there should be new elections for a parliament that should not consist of heterogeneous ingredients, but in which class interests should be disregarded and unknown. He moved that it should represent equality. They reminded him of the oath not to separate until France was a constitutional State, and the protest was ineffectual. But in intellectual France there was no man more perfectly identified with the reigning philosophy than the man who uttered this cry of alarm.
On October 2 the first chapters of the Constitution were ready for the royal assent. They consisted of the Rights of Man, and of the fundamental measures adopted in the course of September. Mounier, the new President, carried to the king the articles by which his cause had been brought to its fall. Lewis undertook to send his reply; and from Mounier came no urging word. They both fancied that delay was possible, and might yet serve. The tide had flowed so slowly in May, that they could not perceive the torrent of October. On the day of that
