division of powers a reality. Therefore the Liberal party
looked to the king as much as the Conservative, and
wished as much as they, and even more than they,
to strengthen his hands. Their theory demanded a
divided legislature. Having lost that, they fell back on
Montesquieu, and accepted the division of legislative,
executive, and judicial powers. These theoretic subtleties were unintelligible to the people of France. Men who were as vehement for the king in October as they had been vehement against him in June appeared to them to be traitors. They could not conceive that the authority
which had so long oppressed them, and which it had
required such an effort to vanquish, ought now to be
trusted and increased. They could not convince themselves
that their true friends were those who had suddenly gone
over to the ancient enemy and oppressor, whose own
customary adherents seemed no longer to support him.
Public opinion was brought to bear on the Assembly, to keep up the repression of monarchy which began on June 23. As the Crown passed under the control of the Assembly, the Assembly became more dependent on the constituencies, especially on that constituency which had the making of French opinion, and in which the democratic spirit was concentrated. After the month of August the dominant fact is the growing pressure of Paris on Versailles. In October Paris laid its hand on its prey. For some weeks the idea of escaping had been entertained. Thirty-two of the principal royalists in the Assembly were consulted, and advised that the king should leave Versailles and take refuge in the provinces. The late minister, Breteuil, the Austrian ambassador, Mercy, were of the same opinion, and they carried the queen with them. But Necker was on the other side.
Instead of flight they resolved upon defence, and brought up the Flanders regiment, whose Colonel was a deputy of the Left In the morning the Count d'Estaing, who held command at Versailles, learnt with alarm that it had been decided to omit the health of the nation. The Prussian envoy writes that the officers of the Guards, who
