newspaper is pierced by the steels, and the second piece of ash, which has two corresponding holes, is placed over the springs. A couple of brass runners are squeezed along over them, and clamp them down, keeping the ash strips with the enclosed papers tightly together. Another form of file is the "Atwater"; it consists of two strong sticks, held together by strong rubber rings at
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each end. The "Athenæum" File consists of a centre stick, around which are arranged seven smaller sticks, kept in place by the handle at the bottom and an indiarubber ring at the top. Each of the smaller sticks binds the middle of each paper against the others, and holds it securely. Both of these files are useful for keeping a small number of papers together.
A form of newspaper file which is useful in
