Castles tmder the Successors of the Conqueror, 51 Mersey. The death of WilHam Earl of Moretaine brought in the almost impregnable hill-castle of Montacute, with Tre- maton, Launceston, Tintagel, Boscastle, and Restormel, and other Cornish fortresses. The fall of Robert de Belesme gave the crown the castles of Arundel, — a lesser Windsor in its plan, and scarcely inferior in its position ; of Shrewsbury, the mound of which still towers over the Severn, and dwarfs even the extensive and incongruous railway-station at its foot ; of Bridgenorth, where a fragment of the keep shows what it must once have been ; and of Carreghova, of which the very traces are well-nigh effaced. Belesme retired to Normandy, where he is said to have been lord of thirty-four castles ; but the fragments of his power only betrayed him into further rebellion, so that he ended his life a prisoner and an exile on the castled mound of Wareham. There still remained, indeed, in private hands a consider- able number of castles; the owners of which found it con- venient to give way, and thus to retain a portion of their influence. Such were Bourne in Lincolnshire ; Malton, held by Fitz-John, in Yorkshire ; Beaudesert in Warwickshire ; the episcopal castles of Newark and Sleaford, and that of Oakham. There were also Warblington in Hampshire ; and in Cumberland, Egremont and Cockermouth. The rebellion of 1118 gave to Henry the castles of Hugh de Gournay in the west, of Stephen of Albemarle at Scar- borough, of Eustace of Breteuil, of Richard de I'Aigle, and of Henry Earl of Eu ; together with the Mowbray castles of Thirsk, Malzeard, and Burton in Lonsdale. Nearly the whole of the strongholds thus acquired were retained by Henry in his own hands, and Suger states that in Normandy the prin- cipal castles were by him either destroyed or held : " Fere omnes turres et quaecunque fortissima castra Normanniae... aut eversum iri fecit... aut si dirutiE essent proprise voluntati subjugavit." In either country he laid hands on the castles ; but where the delinquents held in both, it was upon those in England that the forfeiture was most rigidly enforced. Among the exceptions w^ere William de Roumare, who was allowed to hold Lincoln ; and similar protection was shown to Ralph de Conches, William de Tancarville, William de Warenne, Walter Giffard, and William d'Albini. Among their castles were Ryegate, Lewes, Coningsburgh, and Castle Rising, Buckingham and Arundel. It has been said that Henry did not himself construct any new castles. This is probable enough, as all the sites of importance had been occupied by his father ; but it is not improbable, judging from the internal evidence afforded by E 2
