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ing, when the imposts were equal. A would say to B, my im posts do not raise so much as yours; I raise them therefore. B would then say, you have made them greater than mine, I will raise mine ; and thus a kind of auction would be carried on be tween them, and a mutual irritation, which would end in any thing, sooner than equality and right.
3. I confess then to you, that I see no alternative left but that which Congress adopted, of each party placing the other on the footing of the most favored nation. If the nations of Europe, from their actual establishments, are not at liberty to say to America, that she shall trade in their ports duty free, they may say she may trade there paying no higher duties than the most favored nation ; and this is valuable in many of these countries, where a very great difference is made between different nations. There is no diffi culty in the execution of this contract, because there is not a mer chant who does not know, or may not know, the duty paid by every nation on every article. This stipulation leaves each party at liberty to regulate their own commerce by general rules, while it secures the other from partial and oppressive discriminations. The difficulty which arises in our case is, with the nations having American territory. Access to the West Indies is indispensably necessary to us. Yet how to gain it, when it is the established system of these nations to exclude all foreigners from their colo nies. The only chance seems to be this : our commerce to the mo ther countries is valuable to them. We must endeavor, then, ..to make this the price of an admission into their West Indies, and to those who refuse the admission, we must refuse our commerce, or load theirs by odious discriminations in our ports. We have this circumstance in our favor too, that what one grants us in their islands, the others will not find it worth their while to refuse. The misfortune is, that with this country we gave this price for their aid in the war, and we have now nothing more to offer. She be ing withdrawn from the competition, leaves Great Britain much more at liberty to hold out against us. This is the difficult part of the business of treaty, and I own it does not hold out the most flattering prospects.
I wish you would consider this subject, and write me your thoughts on it. Mr. Gerry wrote me on the same subject. Will you give me leave to impose on you the trouble of communicating this to him ? It is long, and will save me much labor in copying. I hope he will be so indulgent as to consider it as an answer to that part of his letter, and will give rne his further thoughts on it.
Shall I send you so much of the Encyclopedic as is already published, or reserve it here till you come ? It is about forty vo-
