VIECHOW— VOELCKER.
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" Buaaia's Advance Eastward," 1873 ; '* The Law of Criticism and Libel/* 1876; "The Improvement of the Volunteer Force/* 1878; " Procedure d* Extradition/* 1880 ; and " A Police Code and Manual of Criminal Law/' 1881.
VIECHOW, Rudolph, Professor, known as a mai||lC science and as a politician, was horn in Pomerania, in 1821. He was the favourite pupil of the great physiologist Johann Mdller, became the editor of the periodical Arthvv filr Pathologie, Anaiomie und Physiologic, imd filr klinische Medicin, and is the author of voluminous works on his special branches of medical science, which have acquired a European reputa- tion. His "Cellular Pathology as based upon Physiological and Patho- logical Histology,** and his eulogy on Professor Johann Mdller, have been translated into English, the former by Dr. Chance, and the latter by Dr. Mercer Adam. His work on Goethe as a natural philo- sopher appeals to a wider circle than his purely professional productions. He is Public Professor in ordinary of Pathological Anatomy, General Pathology, and Therapeutics in the University of Berlin, and Director of the Pathological Institute. As an extreme Liberal, in the session of 1865 he defeated the Minister, Von Bismarck, in his project for obtaining money to create a navy, and was challenged to a duel by the disappointed chief of the Prussian Cabinet. He was made an honorary member of the Eoyal Society of Medicine of London in 1856, and corresponding member of the French Academy of Medicine in 1859. At the meeting at Munich of the Ger- man naturalists and physicians in
1877, Professor Virchow delivered a masterly address in reply to the most advanced of evolutionists, professor Haeokel, of Jena. In July,
1878, he decided on leaving active political life, and accordingly he resigned his seat in the Reichstag.
VIRTUE, The Rioht Rkv. John,
D.D., Bishop of Portsmouth, was bom in London, April 28, 1826. He was ordained priest in Rome by Cardinal Patrizi in 1851, having previously studied at St. Edmund's College, Hertfordshire, and the English College, Rome. Poplar was the scene of his first missionary labours, and in 1853 he went with the Apostolic Nuncio (afterwards Cardinal) Bedini as his secretary to the United States and Canada. On his return, in acknowledgment of his services, he was made Chamber- lain of Honour to Pope Pius IX. (April 18, 1854). Father Virtue went to Aldershot Camp on tempo- rary duty in 1855; but he was appointed Chaplain to the Forces June 24, 1855, a post he held for exactly twenty-seven years. He was mentioned in general orders in 1864 for *' distingiiished and meritorious conduct during the epidemic of yel- low fever in Bermuda," and was pro- moted from the fourth to the third class of Army chaplains (Feb. 2, 1865) for the services he had ren- dered. Monsignor Virtue was long stationed at Malta. He was ap- pointed Chamberlain of Honour to Pope Leo XIII. April 5, 1878, and was appointed the first Bishop of Portsmouth by Apostolic brief of June 13, 1882. His lordship has edited a " Prayer Book for the Army,** 1859 ; and a revised edition of Bishop Challoner's *' Medita- tions,*^ 1880; and has contributed various articles to the Dublin Review and the Month.
VOELCKER, Augustus, F.C.S., son of Frederick Adolphus Voelcker, born at Frankfort-on-the-Maine, in 1823, and educated at a private school and at the University of Gdttingen, was appointed assistant to the late Professor Johnston of Edinburgh in 1840, and Professor of Chemist^ in the Royal Agricultural College at Cirencester in 1852, which post he resigned in 1862, and became Professor of Chemistry to the Royal Agricultural Society of England. Professor Voelcker haa written
