all of which lie in the neighborhood of the capital, and are used chiefly for wheat. Corn is ground or rubbed, for tortillas, on the metate by the Indian women throughout Mexico; and consequently but little of this kind of grain is ever brought to the mills. There are five mines or mineral workings in the State, at Ystepexi, Taléa, Teojomulco, Peñoles, and Las Peras, with ten smelting and amalgamating establishments.
There are nine sea ports, roadsteads and anchorages in Oajaca, the best of which are Tehuantepec, Huatulco, Escondido, Chacahua, and Jamiltepec.
Corn, chile, agave, cotton, coffee, sugar, cacao, vainilla, tobacco, cochineal, wax, honey, and a small quantity of indigo, are the staple productions of this State. Nearly all the fruits which we have already described as growing in the State of Vera Cruz, are produced here abundantly, and of excellent quality.
The State is estimated as containing, on an average of years—
| 44,106 | Horses. | |||
| 18,438 | Mules. | |||
| 10,420 | Asses. | |||
| 171,518 | Neat cattle. | |||
| 213,156 | Sheep. | |||
| 158,009 | Goats. | |||
| 47,947 | Hogs. | |||
| ———— | ||||
| Total, 663,600 head of cattle. | ||||
The worth of which is calculated, in the home market, at $3,332,757.
Gold, silver, copper, quicksilver, iron, rock salt, limestone, gypum, &c., are found in Oajaca. In the thirty-nine years between January, 1787, and March, 1826, the official registers show a product in the State of 4,820 marks of gold, and 544,257 marks of silver; and in the five years from March, 1826, to the end of 1830, 95 marks of gold, and 21,701 of silver. But these sums must not be regarded as perfect indications of the absolute product of Oajaca, inasmuch as its proximity to the sea, and the facilities for smuggling in the lonely districts of the west coast have no doubt enabled the trading community to export a large portion of the real avails of the mines, which, of course, never appear in the authentic registers and returns of the State.
The chief towns and villages of this State are: Oajaca, the capital; Guayapa or Huazapa, Talistaca, Santa Maria del Tule, Tlacochahuaya, Teutitlan del Valle, Tlacolula, Mitla, the ancient Leoba;
