article of primary necessity, toward which the attention of new settlers must naturally be turned, was submitted to this grievous exaction. Nor were the demands of the clergy confined to articles of simple and easy culture. Its more artificial and operose productions, such as sugar, indigo and cochineal, were declared to be titheable; and thus the industry of the planter was taxed in every stage of its progress, from its rudest essay to its highest improvement. To the weight of this legal imposition, the zeal of the American Spaniards made many voluntary additions;—they bestowed profuse donations on churches and monasteries, and thus, unprofitably wasted a large proportion of that wealth, which might have nourished and given vigor to productive labor in a growing colony."
The Spaniard found a beautiful world,—a land bathed by two oceans,
rising from one and sloping to the other,—and on both acclivities
possessing all the climates of the world, from the graceful shadow of the
palm on the sea-shore, to eternal ice on the mountains overhanging the
Valley of Mexico. All these climates on the same parallel of latitude,
produced cotton, sugar, tobacco, rice, cochineal, wheat, barley, corn, wine,
and every variety of luscious fruit; while, over all, an eternal spring bent
its blue and cloudless skies. And, as if the surface of the earth were not
sufficient to pamper the most craving appetites of her creatures, nature
had veined the secret depths of the mountains with silver and precious
materials, in exhaustless quantities. Yet, this prolific richness served but
to hasten the destinies of the invaders, and to make them careless, dependent and idle.
The parallel has so frequently been attempted, that it would perhaps be profitless to contrast the settlers of this alluring country with the equally enthusiastic but hardy and toilsome bands who peopled our north. But, it may not be unwise to remember the stability we have attained, on dreary and inhospitable coasts, by the steady march of faith, liberty, and the purity of enterprise; while our southern neighbors, more favored by soil and seasons, have failed in producing the results of social and political peace, under the influence of a different creed, and the corruptions of a monarchical Government.
We have now however, to deal with a new people. Mexico has thrown off the dominion of old Spain, and there is no marvel greater, in history, than that an Empire, with enervated character, oppressed, ignorant, and almost destroyed as was this colony,—should still have had the spirit to discover and assert her rights. She cast aside the allurements of rank; she converted her whole territory into a battle-field; she tore herself from all the fast-rooted allegiances and loyalties of three centuries; she abandoned fortune; she went through fifteen years of civil slaughter,—and, at length, alone, unaided, unsympathized with by the rest of the world, she achieved her independence. For the victory over such obstacles, Mexico deserves praise. She deserves more. She deserves the high and
