forth in the act of feeding, The cilia will bo seen to move in such rapid and well-timed succession as to look like revolving wheels; and so perfect is the optical illusion that you feel how appropriately these creatures have been named "Wheel-bearers," or Rotifera.
Their exact place in the animal series has not yet been finally determined. Provisionally they may be referred, as an order, to the somewhat miscellaneous class Scolecida, in the sub-kingdom Annutoida. On the whole, they appear to have strong affinities to the worm-like animals of the class just mentioned, as well as certain points of resemblance to the lower crustaceans, and to the larval forms of Echinodermata.
The Rotifera attain a maximum size of about 1-86th of an inch. Some are as small as 1-400th of an inch, or smaller. They are of a higher type of organization than the Infusoria, with which they were formerly grouped, since they have an obscure segmentation of the body, a completely separate alimentary canal, and a water-vascular system; and they never multiply by budding oy self-division. They have a right and left, a dorsal and ventral, and a head and tail aspect, the end answering to the head moving habitually forwards, with the back upwards. Some are fixed by a foot-stalk to water-plants during the whole of the greater portion of their existence; but the majority are free-swimming. The former use the ciliated wreath to urge food to their mouth; the latter use it as a locomotive organ when in motion, and a feeding organ when at rest. Few things are more strikingly beautiful than this ciliated wreath in full activity. At intervals it is drawn in and tucked out of sight, so as completely to alter the look of the animal. But after a time it issues forth again, expands, and resumes its work. The food, received by a distinct mouth, is caught by a sort of champing gizzard, which has been likened to a pair of toothed hammers and a double anvil, and is there crushed small before admission to the stomach. In this receptacle, which is of variable size, the food is digested. The refuse of digestion then passes along an intestine; and finally, in most kinds, though not in all, is got rid of by a distinct orifice, connected with a cloaca, into which the ovary and a contractile vesicle also open. There is no heart; but a water-vascular system is present, consisting of two convoluted tubes, one on each side, furnished at intervals with short pipes lined with cilia, which lead into the general cavity of the body. The lower ends of these tubes open into the aforesaid contractile vesicle; and thus, the pulsations of the vesicle and the vibrations of the cilia Keeping up a current, the fluids of the body are refreshed by being brought into communication with the outer water.
Of the nervous system, the following are the main features:—Near the back of the neck there is found a ganglionic mass, on which are mostly seated one or more eye-spots, generally of a bright crimson colour. Projecting from about the same place may often be seen a little telescopic feeler, armed at the tip with minute bristles; or the bristles may be sessile in a small hollow. Muscles pass lengthwise from end to end of the body, and ring-wise at intervals round it, by which the external
