PHILOSOPHICAL PERIODICALS. 561 17, on the subjective determination of the primary point of regard. The present article discusses " the relation of the subjective horizon of the eyes, as determined by raising the index finger, to its position when determined visually ; and the influence upon such location of changes in the orientation of the head and eyes ". The conclusion is that " these forms of spatial orientation are related to oculomotor conditions, and the direction of the characteristic errors which they present are dependent upon the co-ordination of eye and hand in the perception-reactions of ordinary practical life ". The two latter papers offer merely general results ; the author's method is inadequate to his problems.] F. W. Bagley. ' An Investigation of Fechner's Colours. ' [A detailed study of the colours of the ' artificial spectrum top ' under careful experimental conditions. Especially interesting are the author's results with regard to the production of a subjective yellow. She finds the phenomena incompatible with any tricomponent theory, and readily explicable by such an hypothesis as the Ebbinghaus modification of Hering's well- known views. The article is rich in introspective data, and the method of work is simple and accurate.] J. W. Slaughter. ' A Pre- liminary Study of the Behaviour of Mental Images.' [Observation of mental images, by trained observers, during ten seconds, with record of introspections. Visual images (black square on white, circle, ace of hearts, letter A, etc.) : extent and schematism of the inner visual field (black field with square of twenty-five red spots) ; motor and motion images (pendu- lum ready to swing, etc.) : auditory images (fork, dripping water, etc.) : cutaneous, gustatory and olfactory images : spatial localisation of images. Results : (1) visual images are kept clear partly by their own internal organisation, partly by their combination with motor elements ; (2) auditory images appear only together with an organised associative situation, in which motor elements usually play the leading part ; (3) other images also require such a situation, this, indeed, being in mos cases all that appears, so that the real existence of the images may be considered doubtful.] S. P. Hayes. 'An Historical Study of the Edwardean Revivals.' [Sketch of the state of religious opinion and practice in New England before 1727. The revivals of 1734-5 (Edwards) and 1740-1 (Whitefield). The Old Lights (preach morality and the use of the means of grace, but leave conversion to God, patiently awaiting His action) and the New Lights (preach the Edwardean paradox : " we are helpless to do anything good until God inclines our wills to Him, but it is still our duty to ' press into the kingdom '") : the revival activity of the New Lights (Edwards as moderate, Davenport as extremist), and its criticism by Chauncy (charges of error in doctrine and practice : appeal to emotions, censoriousness, claim of immediate inspiration, itinerant preaching) ; positive doctrines of Chauncy on the true work of the Spirit. Edwards' defence of revivals : his views on the nature of the affections, of true religion, of conversion ; on natural inability, and on the fruits of the Spirit in life and conduct. Subsequent religious apathy till the end of the century.] Literature. Indices. L'ANNEE PSYCHOLOGIQUE. Edited by A. Binet, etc. Paris : Schleicher Freres et Cie, 1902. Pp. 757. In addition to the original memoirs and the bibliographical analyses and discussions, the Psychological Year-book for 1902 is provided with a bibliographical index, and forms accordingly a very complete guide to the work of the year. The first of the memoirs is by V. Henri, on the 'Education of the Memory' ; it gives an attractively clear analysis of the processes involved in Recollection, and of the con- ditions on which they depend, a summary of experimental results in this field, and some practical suggestions to the educator. The chief value of 36
