138 PHILOSOPHICAL PEKIODICALS. Results too detailed for summary.] E. EL Lindley. 'A Preliminary Study of some of the Motor Phenomena of Mental Effort.' [Question- naire returns. Relation of automatisms to muscle-groups, sex, age, posture, etc. Conclusion : " Many automatisms represent processes for the production and maintenance of central nervous energy, as well as for the protection of the state of attention. . . . Others are the result of defective control, and consequently represent serious leakages of energy. Many of the postures suggest reversion to foetal postures and also to primitive attitudes."] T. R. Robinson. ' Light Intensity and Depth Perception.' [With high intensities, the light required for the second eye, if the stereoscopic effect is to ensue, is very small. There is a wide range between the lowest point of combination of objects and complete stereoscopy. Suggested explanation of Fechner's paradox.] F. Drew. ' Attention : Experimental and Critical.' [Experiments, with and with- out attention, upon reaction-tune, association, least noticeable interval : effect of attention differs, according to the conditions of the experiment. Brief historical sketch of some attention literature. Plea for the use of the unconscious in psychology. Theory of attention : " Attention, as a psychic fact, follows and depends on the muscle tension, and we do not attend to an idea until after the idea-stinrnlus has run its course. The links that connect our ideas and bring them into the field of consciousness are these kinaesthetic sensations, and our personal power is shown in rejecting some and holding to others. As our bodies could go nowhere save for bone resistance, so our minds' endeavours would be fruitless without muscle objectification."] Bibliography. 35. C. Sanford. Note on the Foregoing.' Psychological Literature. Notes and News. REVUE PHILOSOPHIQUE. No. 7. July, 1896. L. Dauriac. ' Etudes sur la psychologie du musicien. VI. Le plaisir et 1'emotion musicale.' [Emphasises the direct physiological effect of music on the organism as the essential source of the pleasure it gives.] GK Dumas. ' La joie et la tristesse.' [Considers the physiological conditions of grief, and especially the state of the circulation.] Miinz. ' La logique de 1' enfant.' [Notes among other points that the acquisition of language by the child is, in the first instance, spontaneous, and not due to imitation.] Revue gsnerale : Travaux de psycho-physique. Analyses et coinptes rendus, etc. No. 8. August. G-. Dumas. ' Recherches experimentales sur la joie et la tristesse.' III. Conclusions. [The emotion is always the ultimate phe- nomenon which is preceded and determined by changes in the circulation, and these changes are linked by intermediate processes with changes in the mental state. When the origin of joy or grief is purely organic, ideas are secondary facts, serving only to explain to the subject his emotional state. When the primary source of joy or grief is mental, the idea is a primary fact, and the emotion is referred to its true cause. In reply to the question how ideas give rise to the vaso-motor changes which produce joy and grief, Dumas falls back on the distinction between the free and impeded flow of cerebro-mental activity. The thesis of Lange is sup- ported by new observations and experiments.] Abbe' Jules Martin. ' La rnetaphysique et la science.' L. Dauriac. ' Etudes sur la psychologie du musicien.' Revue Critique. H. Lachelier. ' La psychologie generale d'apres Rehmke.' No. 9. September. A. Lalande. 'De la fatalite.' [The question which has really interested mankind, is not that of free-will in the technical sense, but the struggle of self-determination against external conditions or " destiny ".] J. Soury. ' La cecite corticale.' [Lesion of one part of the brain occasions functional disablement of other co- operating parts. This explains the peculiar features of cortical blind- ness as distinguished from blindness due to peripheral lesions.] P.
