NEW BOOKS. 269 teachers, ministers, students and every one interested in the art of reason- ing " who are to use his work, with full and complete seriousness. He seems to have read widely, and in his preface expresses obligation to Keynes, Venn, Jevons, Jones, Bain and Whately. All the more pathetic is the failure of his book to furnish what it professes to furnish. His apparatus is the ' reasoning frame,' a square figure coextensive with the universe of discourse. This is divided horizontally into rows, and vertically into files. Premisses and conclusions are distributed through these subdivisions, and the wrong inferences ' visibly and auto- matically ' eliminated by application of the rules of formal logic. It is plain that this symbolism cannot replace formal logic ; the use of the reasoning frame depends on the reader's knowledge of formal logic. All that the author could hope to do, that is, would be to assist the stu- dent by throwing reasoning, processes into visible form ; those processes themselves must still be understood. But, apart from this general criti- cism, the book fails of its mission in that the reasoning frame, as the writer gives it, not seldom proves fallible ; its symbolism is not adequate to the thought processes which it has to represent. Essays. By GEORGE JOHN ROMANES. Edited by C. LLOYD MORGAN. London : Longmans, Green & Co., 1897. Pp. 253. This is a collection of ten magazine articles, extending over a period from 1879 to 1891. They are entitled "Primitive Natural History," "The Darwinian Theory of Instinct," "Man and Brute," "Mind in Men and Animals," " Origin of Human Faculty," " Mental Differences between Men and Women," "What is the Object of Life?" "Recreation,"' " Hypnotism," and " Hydrophobia and the Muzzling Order ". They are all written pleasantly and vigorously, and serve to show the largeness and variety of Mr. Romanes' interests. Fuller attention will be given at a later date to those of their number which deal directly with psycho- logical matters. The Present Evolution of Man. By G. ARCHDALL REID. London : Chap- man & Hall, 1896. Pp. 370. Mr. Reid is strongly convinced of the " all-sufficiency of natural selection ". He maintains against H. Spencer and others that individual acquirements are not transmitted by heredity. The most interesting point emphasised by him is the distinction between the transmission of definite variations and the transmission of a power of varying in certain modes and directions in adaptation to external conditions. An Outline of Psychology. By EDWARD BRADFORD TITCHENER. London : Macmillan & Co. Pp. xiv., 352. This clear, compact, and brightly written outline is admirably adapted for the needs of a beginner. There is no work in English from which the learner can so easily acquire so much sound and useful information. Full notice will appear in the July Number of MIND. Analytic Psychology. By G. F. STOUT. London : Swan Sonnenschein & Co. 2 vols. Pp. xv., 289 and 314. We have been compelled for want of space to hold over until July a long review of this book by Professor Royce.
