PHILOSOPHICAL PERIODICALS. 437 paper in vol. v., No. 3, and counter-criticism.] N. Wilde. ' Morality and Religion.' E. Ritchie. ' Reply.' Reviews of Books. Summaries of Articles. Notices of New Books. Notes. PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW. Vol. iii., No. 6. E. F. Buchner. 'The Third International Congress of Psychology.' J. Kodis. 'Richard Avenarius.' [Bibliography and general appreciation.] G. M. Stratton. ' Some Preliminary Experiments on Vision without Inversion of the Retinal Image.' [A reinverting apparatus was worn over one eye for parts of three days, the eyes being blindfolded in the intervals. The field of touch was not excluded. Experience gradually righted itself. So far as the ' projection ' and ' eye-movement ' theories of vision depend on inversion, they are thought by the aiithor to be thereby refuted.] J. McK. Cattell and L. Farrand. ' Physical and Mental Measurements of the Students of Columbia Universitj'.' [Sugges- tion of methods. Illustration from results of 100 cases. Desiderata: (1) study of the interrelation of the traits denned and measured ; (2) deter- mination of the relative weight of heredity and environment in the development of the individual and the race.] Discussion and Reports. W. James. 'Psychical Research.' [Defence against Cattell's criticism. Results of American hallucination census.] G-. H. Howison. ' Psychology and Logic: Further Views.' [Reply to Stratton.] C. L. Herrick. 'The Psychosensory Climacteric.' [Importance of change of memory-type, from objective reproduction to abstract (e.g., verbal) surrogates.] Psycho- logical Literature. New Books. Notes. Vol. iv., No. 1. GK S. Fuller-ton. 'The Knower in Psychology.' [Difference between self as knower and self as known. History of the former in the history of ancient and modern philosophy. Modern opinions : the fallacies of Green and Ladd. The knowing self not a psychological problem : its origin in the ' objectivity ' of the child and the animism of the savage consciousness.] W. JL. Bryan and N. Barter. ' Studies in the Physiology and Psychology of the Telegraphic Language.' [Individual differences in telegraphic writ- ing. Curves of improvement in receiving and sending. Contains valuable detailed results as regards the individual psychology of volun- tary movement and practice.] A. Binet and N. Vaschide. ' The Influence of Intellectual Work on the Blood-pressure in Man.' [Preliminary report. Criticism of Kiesow. The most favourable counter-pressure. Amplitude of pulse increases with intellectual work.] Discussion and Reports. H. M. Stanley. 'Language and Image.' [Practical value of words for the manipulation of image masses with the minimum of imaging reference. Explanation by law of habit.] J. EL Hyalop. ' Upright Vision.' [Stratton's investigation was really one of tactual and motor adjustments.] Psychological Literature. New Books. Notes. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY. Vol. viii., No. 2. Q-. S. Kail. ' A Study of Fears.' [Questionnaire returns and theory. Some twenty cases of typical fear are distinguished : fear of falling, of closeness, of thunder, of eyes, of solitude, etc. ; dream and school fears receive special treatment ; and a section is devoted to the repression of fears. The explanation is genetic : there may be vestigial traces, atavistic reversions in mind, as well as in body. Thus falling fears are a survival from the primeval sea, " antedating perhaps limbs, and possibly even the visual factors of space perception .] C. S. Farrish. ' Localisation of Cuta- neous Impressions by Arm Movement, without Pressure upon the
